To investigate the occurrence of weeds in wheat fields in Changzhou area, Jiangsu Province and their impact on wheat production, a large-scale survey of weed occurrence in wheat fields, as well as surveys of weed occurrence in wheat fields under different tillage methods (deep tillage, shallow rotation) were organized, different chemical treatments were set up (treatment A, 33% fluoxystrobin·furoxime·pyrifluoroacetamide; treatment B, 35% fluoxystrobin·pyrifluoroacetamide; treatment C, 41% fluoxystrobin; treatment D, 60% propiconazole·iprone; treatment E, 20% fluoxystrobin; with water as a control) to explore the effects of each treatment on wheat production, including weed occurrence, yield, etc. The results showed that the occurrence of weeds in wheat fields in the study area showed a gradually increasing trend, the changes of monocotyledonous weeds more obvious. The main dominant species were Poaceae weeds such as Alopecurus japonicus, Alopecurus aequalis, and Beckmannia syzigachne. Compared with shallow rotation, deep tillage tends to exacerbate weed occurrence. All treatments were safe for wheat growth, among them, treatment A had the least weeds in the field and the highest wheat yield; in terms of the impact of weeds on yield, it mainly affected the number of spikes per unit area of wheat, and then affected yield, with the number of monocotyledonous weeds having the greatest impact on spike number 50 days after application. The research provides references for efficient weed control in wheat fields.
To investigate the absorption and utilization of fertilization between single season rice fields under different fertilization methods, Guanliangyouhuazhan was used as the material, 9 different fertilization treatments were set up (PK, conventional fertilization nitrogen free zone; NK, conventional fertilization in phosphate free areas; NP, conventional fertilization in potassium free areas; NPK, conventional fertilization in the entire application area; PK1, deep lateral fertilization in nitrogen free areas; NK1, deep lateral fertilization in phosphate free areas; NP1, deep lateral fertilization in potassium free areas; NPK1, deep lateral fertilization in the entire application area; blank area, no fertilization), to determine the effects of each treatment on rice agronomic traits, yield, and fertilizer utilization efficiency. The results showed that under the same fertilizer type and quantity conditions, the ear length, total number of grains per ear, and seed setting rate in the mechanical side deep fertilization area were higher than those in the conventional fertilization area. The NPK1 treatment had the highest plant height, ear length, total number of grains per ear, and seed setting rate. Compared with conventional fertilization, mechanical side deep fertilization had increased grain yield at the same fertilization level; the highest grain and stem leaf yield was achieved with NPK1 treatment. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in conventional fertilization were 36.95%, 31.07%, and 42.50%, respectively, while the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in mechanical side deep fertilization were 45.18%, 38.59%, and 49.99%, respectively. Overall, the application of mechanical side deep measurement for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application can achieve higher rice yields and higher fertilizer utilization efficiency.
The characteristics, suitable planting areas, cultivation techniques, and high-yield seed production techniques of Quanxiangyou 89 were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. This variety is planted in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and exhibits characteristics such as suitable growth period, excellent rice quality, and high-yield; it is suitable for planting in areas with low incidence of rice blast disease, such as Pingba hilly rice growing areas in Sichuan Province and mid to low altitude indica rice growing areas in Yunnan Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques include early sowing in time and cultivating multi-tiller seedling; heavy application of bottom fertilizer, timely topdressing; dry and wet alternate pipe water and timely pest control. High-yield seed production techniques include post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 250-500 meters; according to the different seed production seasons, ensure that the parental sowing difference period is between 6.5 and 7.5 leaves; soaking seeds with pesticides, spraying paclobutrazol, etc., to promote the health, dwarfism, and multiple tillering of seedlings; arranging a parent to parent ratio of 1∶8; managing fertilizer and water according to the growth of seedlings in the field; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as neck blight and rice planthopper based on actual field investigations and local pest and disease reports; adopting the method of young ear peeling to predict flowering period, it is advisable to use the same period as the parents in the early stage of young ear differentiation; spraying gibberellin when the panicle reaches 15%; pay attention to removing impurities and maintaining purity throughout the entire seed production process; harvesting begins when 75% of the seeds are ripe and dried promptly after harvesting. This article provides references for the demonstration and promotion of high-yield seed production techniques for Quanxiangyou 89.
Based on the rice production practice in the Southern Jiangsu Province, the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of rice and their promotion strategies were summarized and analyzed. High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques include selecting varieties with high-quality, high-yield, strong resistance, and wide adaptability according to local conditions; making preparations for seedling field configuration, nutrient soil (substrate) preparation, seed treatment, and scientific sowing; water management, fertilization management, and pest control of seedbeds; adjusting the planting distance and seedling amount of transplanting machinery according to the variety type to achieve precise cultivation; field management needs to strengthen the supporting ditch system to reduce drainage and waterlogging, timely and appropriately fertilize according to the growth process and seedling growth of rice, and adopt comprehensive control measures of ecological regulation and scientific medication for the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as sheath blight, rice blast disease, rice planthopper, and stem borer; timely use machinery for harvesting, and pay attention to moisture and mold prevention during storage. Corresponding promotion strategy includes strengthening publicity and guidance, providing financial support, etc., to motivate planting subjects; keeping up with the trend of technological development, improving technical points, and implementing key technologies; constructing high-yield demonstration area, demonstrating the application of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques; carrying out on-site observation, technical lectures, and skill competitions to strengthen technical training. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of high-quality and high-yield rice cultivation techniques in related rice growing areas such us Southern Jiangsu Province.
To investigate the effects of different arrangement density and fertilization treatment on the growth of Camellia osmantha, the 1-year cutting seedlings of Camellia osmantha Yichen were taken as experimental materials, and the seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, and biomass were measured under different arrangement density (no space between containers, 5 cm between containers) and fertilization treatment (no fertilization, water soluble compound fertilizer 1.0 g/plant). The results showed that seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, fresh weight of above ground/lower part, and dry weight of above ground/lower part of seedlings in treatment 2 (5 cm between containers, water-soluble compound fertilizer 1.0 g/plant) were the largest. Compared with treatment 1 (5 cm containers spacing, no fertilization), the increase was 72.01%, 63.89%, 85.89%, 224.93%, 88.49%, 169.80%, and 85.74%, respectively. The seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, fresh weight of the above/lower part, and dry weight of the above/lower part of the seedlings in treatment 2 were all greater than those in treatment 3 (no space between containers, water-soluble compound fertilizer 1.0 g/plant). It can be seen that in the process of seedling cultivation, fertilization and the arrangement density of seedling containers are important factors affecting the quality of Camellia osmantha, treatment 2 has a good effect on the growth promotion of Camellia osmantha.
To investigate the effects of rootstock types and specifications on survival and growth of Cerasus×kanzakura‘Tairyo-zakura’. The survival rate, good healing rate and height index of C. campanulata ‘Zhongguohong’, C. speciosa ‘Xiaoqiao’, and C. yunnanensis ‘Guangzhou’cerasus with 3 different ground diameters (small, medium, and large) were measured regularly, and the current year strong branches of Cerasus×kanzakura‘Tairyo-zakura’cerasus were used as scions.The results showed that 6-9 mm C. campanulata ‘Guangzhou’ used to graft C.×kanzakura ‘Tairyo-zakura’had the best effect, and the survival rate and good healing rate were 98.00% and 93.10%, respectively. The variety and size of rootstocks had no significant effect on the growth of the grafted seedling height and diameter of C.×kanzakura ‘Tairyo-zakura’, among which the grafted seedling height of 16-20 mm C. campanulata ‘Zhongguohong’ was the largest (289.50 cm), and the grafted seedlings diameter of 10-15 mm C. yunnanensis‘Guangzhou’ was the largest (16.77 mm). The height and diameter of the grafted seedlings of C.×kanzakura‘Tairyo-zakura’grew the fastest from February to April, and there were two growth peaks in the grafted seedlings diameter of some rootstock and scion combinations. The overall survival rate and plant height index indicated that the grafted rootstock of C.×kanzakura ‘Tairyo-zakura’was 6-9 mm in length.
Based on the production practice of pomegranate in the Huaibei region, the key technologies for improving the quality and efficiency of its were summarized and analyzed. Including selecting high-quality, resistant, high-yield, and stable new varieties for grafting. According to different tree age requirements, pruning such as thinning, shortening, and shrinking should be carried out to optimize the tree structure and maintain tree balance. Flower and fruit management includes configuring pollination trees, preserving flowers and fruits, thinning flowers and fruits, and bagging fruits. Fertilization was mainly based on base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer; at the same time, trace fertilizer were appropriately applied according to the growth of pomegranate trees. Adopt methods such as hole irrigation, furrow irrigation, and border irrigation to irrigate the germination water, pre flowering water, fruit ripening water, and frozen water. Cover the soil surface under tree trays or between rows of fruit trees with weeds or straw about 10 cm thick to improve the soil ecological environment. Comprehensive application of agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and chemical control measures to effectively prevent and control pests and diseases such as dry rot, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, and aphid. This article provides reference for promoting the improvement of pomegranate quality and efficiency in Huaibei and related areas, as well as the sustainable development of related industries.
Tanbi wax gourd is nearly spherical in shape, with an average weight of about 3 kg per individual, resembling a three lobed structure; its fresh is dense, sweet and crisp, less thick flesh and storage resistance, has high edible and medicinal value. The high-yield cultivation techniques of this crop were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. In terms of sowing and seedling cultivation, measures such as soaking seeds to promote germination, preparing nutrient soil, strengthening water management, and diseases and pests control were taken to cultivate short and strong seedlings. Before transplanting and planting, it was necessary to adjust the soil pH of the planting site and apply mature farmyard manure; strong seedlings should be transplanted before the leaves of two seedlings were full and the true leaves were not fully developed. In terms of water and fertilizer management, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and fruit setting fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner. The melon field should be kept moist during the seedling stage, irrigated during the growth stage, and the field water should be controlled from flowering to fruit setting stage. Field management included setting up trellises to guide and tie vines, assisting with pollination, and retaining melons. In terms of disease and pest control, comprehensive measures such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control were adopted to timely prevent and control diseases and pests such as aphids, whitefly, powdery mildew, anthracnose, and others. In terms of harvesting, storage, and transportation, the fruit was usually harvested after 30 days of maturity on a clear, dew-free morning; during storage and transportation, the site and tools should be kept clean and free of pollution. This article provides a reference for the high-yield cultivation of this plant and further promoting the development of related industries.
Artemisia argyi is a perennial herb, and its leaves are used as medicine. It is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicinal herbal with high medicinal and economical value. The high-quality cultivation techniques of this plant were summarized and analyzed from 7 aspects of variety selection, land preparation, and propagation methods. Including select high-quality, high-yielding, and comprehensive resistant varieties of Artemisia argyi suitable for local cultivation; choose fertile loam and sandy loam environments with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and deep plowing and fertilization before planting. Its propagation techniques include division propagation, root propagation, and cutting propagation; the suitable planting density is 97 500 to 120 000 plants/hm2, and the appropriate amount of rhizomes for root propagation is 3 000 kg/hm2. After planting, timely carry out standardized management work such as tillage, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, leveling, and thinning to promote plant growth; the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the field mainly rely on agricultural and physical methods, with chemical control as a supplement. Timely harvesting, processing and storage according to its application characteristics.It provides references for Artemisia argyi standardized production and high-quality industrial development.
One-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the difference and path analysis of 7 morphological parameters such as body mass and body length of Procambarus clarkia cultured populations in 6 culture areas of Taihu and Changfeng, Anhui Province, so as to explore the correlation of morphology and factors affecting body mass of Procambarus clarkia cultured populations in different culture areas. The results showed that the ratio of morphological parameters was different in different regions, and the plumpness of the Anqing Susong population was the highest. Principal component analysis showed that the contribution rates of the two principal components of the male population were 37.8% and 22.4%, and the cumulative contribution rates were 60.2%, while the contribution rates of the two principal components of the female population were 40.5% and 20.9%, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rates were 61.4%. The cluster analysis showed that the Euclidean distance between the Anqing Susong population and other populations was far away, so it was classified into a single group. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation between individual traits and body weight of male was in the order of cuticle width > body length > cuticle length > belly width > cuticle height > belly length, while the correlation between individual traits and body weight of female was in the order of cuticle length > cuticle width > cuticle height > belly width > belly length. Path analysis showed that the morphological parameters measured in this study could not well interpret the relationship with body weight. In summary, the results showed that there were some morphological differences among Procambarus clarkii populations in different regions, but they could not effectively distinguish the populations and did not reach the subspecies level. Moreover, the selected morphological traits parameters were insufficient to describe the body mass, and the sample size and morphological traits parameters needed to be further enriched.
The distribution of green peacocks in Yunnan Province and the status quo of its biological research and protection measures were reviewed, the problems existing in its protection measures were analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward to provide references for the protection of this species. At present, green peacocks in Yunnan Province are mainly distributed in 10 counties (cities and districts) such as Shuangbai County and Chuxiong City. The number of green peacocks is about 800 -1 000, and the distribution range is narrow. Its biological research mainly focuses on population number and distribution, factors affecting population number, habitat and habitat environment conditions, foraging preferences, etc. In addition, there are some physiological, genetic, and some diseases studies of green peacock. The protection measures mainly include actively formulating protection plans, increasing the construction of green peacock reserves and carrying out population investigation and monitoring. Comprehensive distribution, biological research and protection measures found that the current of green peacock protection measures need to be improved, inbreeding intensification, insufficient biological research, and weak artificial breeding technology. To solve these problems, some countermeasures are put forward, including making plans with the existing research results to further strengthen the publicity and monitoring of green peacocks; jointing research institutions, universities and conservation institutions to further carry out genetic diversity research, strengthen the living habits and habitat conditions of green peacocks, and expand the content and direction of biological research; throughing the construction of breeding population and the development of artificial breeding offspring release (return) wild environment protection plan to strengthen the weak link research, achieve the wild population growth of green peacock, get rid of the endangered rescue goal.
In order to analyze the effects of different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) on seed germination and seedling growth of Acacia cincinnata, and to screen suitable treatment methods to improve seeding quality of Acacia cincinnata varieties, the new seeds collected in the same year and the old seeds stored for 5 years were studied with GO concentrations of 0 (CK), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L, respectively, and the germination rate, seedling height growth index and the accumulation of contents such as soluble sugar were measured under different treatments. The results showed that the seed germination index, seedling growth and inclusions accumulation showed different trends with the change of GO treatment concentration. The germination rate and germination potential of new and old seeds were the best under 100 mg/L GO treatment. The plant height, fresh weight, soluble sugar and total protein contents of seedlings under 200 mg/L GO treatment had the highest increase compared with CK treatment. In conclusion, 100-200 mg/L GO treatment can effectively promote the germination, seedling growth and content accumulation of new and old seeds of this tree species. This study provides a reference for improving the breeding methods of Acacia cincinnata.
To improve the yield of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and promote the high-quality development of Camellia oleifera industry. Based on the reconstruction practice of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera, three key techniques of care and reform, grafting and crown change, and renewal and transformation were summarized, which were suitable for the reconstruction of different types of low-yield forest Camellia oleifera. In terms of nurturing and transformation technology, it include reasonable control of density through thinning, pruning, and replanting, scientific pruning, removal of weak and excessively long branches, selection of deep excavation methods based on forest conditions, reasonable fertilization, bee pollination, and timely harvesting according to local climate conditions and planting varieties; the techniques of grafting and crown change include selection of appropriate grafting time and spike, tight grafting dressing and moisture after grafting, etc. There are two kinds of regeneration technology: dry cutting regeneration and afforestation regeneration, dry cutting regeneration is to cut off the main stem of the old and weak Camellia oleifera tree at a distance of 10-20 cm from the ground, keeping the cutting edge flat; afforestation regeneration includes land preparation, good seed and seedling strengthening, planting management and tending management. This article provides technical references for the reconstruction of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and related forest.
Camellia oleifera as a unique woody edible oil tree species, has both economic value and ecological maintenance functions. The techniques for high-yield cultivation of Camellia oleifera forests combined its biological characteristics were systematically explored, including selection of afforestation sites, superior varieties, and others. Camellia oleifera trees are 2-8 meters tall, with spherical or nearly spherical fruits that generally mature in autumn. The key points of high-yield cultivation techniques include selecting areas with an altitude of 100-500 meters, sufficient sunlight, and slopes below 25 degrees for planting; scientifically apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on the nutrient status of the soil and the growth needs of plants to improve the soil; select varieties with larger fruits, thinner skin, and higher seed and oil extraction rates; choose strong seedlings that are one or two years old, ensuring their good growth and strong stress resistance; excavate planting holes and adopt reasonable methods for seedling planting; reasonably irrigate and reasonably fertilize oil tea trees based on their age, soil texture, and local climate conditions; after the oil tea is harvested and before the new shoots sprout in spring, remove diseased and weak branches in a timely manner; adopt agricultural, biological, and chemical control measures to timely prevent and control diseases such as anthracnose and soft rot, as well as pests such as Biston marginata and Euproctis pseudoconspersa; when the fruit is 80% to 90% ripe, it should be harvested and processed promptly to prevent spoilage. These technological lare interrelated and together form a complete, efficient, and sustainable high-yield cultivation techniques system for Camellia oleifera, provide references for the efficient development of Camellia oleifera and its related industries.
In order to investigate the wild plant population and distribution law in Mangdang Mountain Nature Reserve, a supplementary survey of coniferous forest plant population in 2021—2022 was conducted on the basis of background survey, and the substrata, plant number, maximum/average diameter at breast height, abundance, frequency, density, evenness and significance of each species in the community were investigated. The results showed that the coniferous forest plant population was mainly composed of plant communities formed by Chinese fir, masson pine and Huangshan pine, with 65, 58 and 36 plant species, respectively. The distribution of plant population in coniferous forest was different, and the distribution of plant population in masson pine forest community was more uniform. The significance of dominant species in the community showed that with the increase of altitude, the importance value of dominant species in the community increased significantly, and the population distribution level was obvious. In summary, the distribution of coniferous forest plant populations in the area had distinct levels and obvious changes. The plant communities in Chinese fir forest and masson pine forest were rich in species, while the plant species in Huangshan pine forest were relatively single, and the natural vegetation ecosystem is well preserved. This study provides a reference for the exploitation and utilization of wild plant resources in Mangdang Mountain Nature Reserve.
In order to analyze the plant community diversity in Hefei Binhu National Forest Park, the plant community composition, species diversity, importance value and community vertical structure were investigated by using the quadrat survey method. The results showed that there were 107 species of plants in the study area, including 48 herbaceous plants and 59 woody plants. Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou index were 1.056, 0.464 and 0.668, respectively, which were lower than that of garden land. The index values of poplar forest area were normally distributed, and the index values of garden land biodiversity were different due to different plant allocation patterns. In the poplar regeneration layer, the importance value of conformation tree was the highest, it was 1.074, and the dominant species were Broussonetia papyrifera, Morus alba and Ligustrum lucidum. The vertical structure of the community was stratified, the upper layer of trees was simple, the regeneration layer of trees was low, and shrubs and vines were scarce. It is suggested to use native plant community to gradually replace poplar forest, and build ecological plant community according to the order of group species, dominant species, associated species, shrubs and herbs. The results can provide references for plant community survey and the landscape construction of similar area.
Based on spatial syntax theory, the Depthmap 10 software was used to draw the axis model of Xiyuan Park, and 4 parameters of integration degree, selection degree, cooperation degree, and intelligibility degree were used to conduct quantitative analysis of Xiyuan Park, and the optimization strategy for its landscape was proposed. The results showed that the global integration degree and selection degree values of the landscape avenue at the Qunlu Square in the central of the park were the highest, while the integration degree values in the south and north were low. Apart from the main roads, which had high choice values, the remaining roads within the park showed relatively low choice values. The park’s synergy value was low, suggesting a lack of tight connectivity between certain spaces and the overall layout, with some local spaces appearing isolated. Additionally, the low intelligibility value implies that visitors may find it challenging to ascertain their location within the park. Drawing upon the quantitative analysis and site-specific investigations, the problems existing in the landscape nodes of the park were sorted out, and regional optimization strategies such as entrance landscape area, leisure square area and ecological leisure area were proposed. This paper can provide a reference for urban park optimization design.
A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.
Monitoring plots of different soil types were set up in the study area to investigate the dynamic changes of soil fertility and its effects on crop biomass under conventional fertilization and non-fertilization measures. A representative monitoring plot was selected in a typical yellow soil distribution area to carry out field experiments on soil fertility cultivation technology models, such as organic fertilizer cultivation, green fertilizer return to field, and straw return to field, etc. The main factors affecting soil fertility and the key factors of soil fertility cultivation under different soil fertility cultivation technology models were studied. The results showed that among the 5 different soil types, the lime soil cultivated land had the highest fertilizer amount, and the organic fertilizer input was lower and the fertilizer input was higher. The thickness of arable layer was larger than that of paddy field in dry land. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick available potassium, and slow available potassium were all at high to medium level. In the process of cultivation and ripening, the soil properties of yellow brown soil may be inconsistent with those of natural soil formation due to human factors. Under the condition of conventional fertilization, the yield increase of purple soil cultivated land was remarkable. The grain yield and straw yield of fresh corn in the green fertilizer area were the highest by implementing the typical soil fertility cultivation technology model. The soil nutrient levels were at a higher or high level; soil fertility cultivation technology model significantly increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and the application of organic fertilizer had the greatest effect on the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen.
Biogenic pesticides have a good control effects on crop diseases and pests, and can effectively replace some chemical pesticides, which is a new research direction in the pesticide industry. 3 biological pesticides, eugenol, carvacrol, and polyoxin, as well as fipronil manganese zinc chemicals, were selected as the research objects to spray potatoes at different periods, and the control effects of the 4 pesticides on potato early blight, late blight, black scurf and scab disease were compared.The experimental results showed that in terms of early blight control efficiency of the crop, the control efficiency of the 4 pesticides was ranked as carvacrol> fipronil manganese zinc> polyoxin> eugenol; in terms of late blight prevention effectiveness, the order was carvacrol> eugenol> fipronil manganese zinc> polyoxin; in terms of black scurf prevention effectiveness, the order was carvacrol> eugenol> polyoxin> fipronil manganese zinc; in terms of scab disease prevention effectiveness, the order was fipronil manganese zinc> carvacrol> eugenol> polyoxin. In conclusion, comparing the comprehensive control effect of three biological pesticides and fipronil manganese zinc on 4 diseases, carvacrol was found to be the best. This article provides references for exploring the application methods of bio-derived pesticides, reduce the dosage of chemical pesticides, and promoting the green integrated control technology of potato.
To study the field control effect of 7 pesticides such as mancozeb 80%WP and chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP on peach bacterial shot hole. Peach trees were taken as the research object, and no pesticide was applied as control (CK). Two groups of pesticides combinations were designed for treatment zone I (mancozincb 80%WP 700 times + chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP 1 500 times + mesocin 3%WP 600 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) and treatment zone II (copper quinoline 33.5%SC 1 500 times + tiametrone 3%ME 1 500 times + tetracycin 0.3%AS 500 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) to carry out field control tests. The rate of diseased leaf, disease index, prevention effect of diseased leaf, and diseased finger were determined, and the safety was observed.The results showed that the rates of diseased leaves in treatment area I and II were 3.41% and 4.49%, respectively, and the disease index were 0.51 and 0.91, the control effects of diseased leaves were 71.75% and 62.80%, and the control effects of diseased fingers were 83.28% and 70.16%, respectively. The results indicated that the alternate application of chemical agents had a good effect on the prevention and control of peach bacterial shot hole. This study provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of peach bacterial shot hole.
Torreya grandis had high application, its main diseases and pests were investigated. The control strategies of agricultural control, physical control, chemical control, and biological control were put forward. Diseases mainly included Erwinia carotovora, Helicobasidium compacum, Endothia parasitia, and Pythium ultinum, etc. Insect pests mainly included Isoptera, Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and lepidoptera. Isoptera diseases included Odontotermes ormosanus and Macrotermes barneyi of termite family. The pests of Orthoptera included Atractomorpha sinensis and Gryllotalpa orientalis of Gryllotalpa. Homoptera pests included Geisha distinctissima, Dictyophara sinica and Cicadella viridis. Hemiptera pests included Physopelta gutta, Erthesina fullo, and Macrolygus torreyae; Coleoptera pests included Apriena germari; Lepidoptera pests included Lepteucosma torreyae. To reduce the impact of diseases and pests on the growth of Torreya grandis, corresponding control measures should be taken according to the actual situation of diseases and pests, including agricultural measures such as selection of disease-resistant varieties, cleaning weeds and water management, physical measures such as white agent and insecticidal lamp, the chemical measures of using pesticides such as methylthiophanate, carbendazim, and benomyl urea, and the biological measures of introducing natural enemies such as spiders, ladybugs, and hummingbirds. In Torreya grandis diseases and pests control, attention should be paid to reasonable selection of control measures to achieve comprehensive improvement of Torreya grandis pests control effects. The research results provide references for the diseases and pests control and efficient use of Torreya grandis.
To study the effects of bio-assisted fermentation on neutral odorant components and sensory quality of Yunnan cigar tobacco, 9 exogenous bioenzyme preparations including glucoamylase (GAL type) and 3 microorganisms including Bacillus pumilus were used for auxiliary fermentation. Using sterile water treatment as a control (CK), the content of aromatic compounds was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory quality evaluation was conducted. The results showed that 28 kinds of neutral aroma compounds were determined, including 4 kinds of phenylalanine conversion products, 2 kinds of non-enzymatic brown reaction products, 1 kind of siberane degradation products, 8 kinds of carotenoid degradation products, 1 kind of chlorophyll degradation products and 12 kinds of other kinds of compounds. Bio-assisted fermentation was beneficial to the accumulation of phenylalanine conversion products, siparane degradation products and chlorophyll degradation products, but not conducive to the accumulation of carotenoid degradation products. In terms of sensory evaluation,except for the treatment with aminopeptidase and lipase, the sensory quality scores of the remaining processed samples were higher than CK, and the sensory quality scores of the samples treated with neutral protease and Bacillus subtilis were higher, mainly in the aspects of enhancing the richness of cigar flavor, improving smoke texture, reducing stinging and staining, and improving aftertaste. The use of biotechnology to assist the fermentation of Yunnan cigar tobacco had great potential to improve its chemical composition and sensory quality. This study provides a reference for artificial intervention in the fermentation of cloud cigar tobacco.
In order to screen the yeast used for fermentation of blueberry wine, TTC staining method and Duchenne tubule fermentation method were used to screen the yeast on the surface of blueberry fruits in this study, the screened bacterial strains were identified by molecular biology and their growth curves were determined. Culture temperature, initial pH, glucose, ethanol and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were used as influencing factors. The fermentation performance was investigated. The results showed that 16 yeast strains were isolated and purified from the surface of blueberry fruit, and 1 yeast strain ZL01 was selected, which was suitable for the subsequent tests. The strain ZL01 was identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum by molecular biological identification and phylogenetic tree analysis. The fermentation performance results showed that the optimum growth temperature and pH of strain ZL01 were 28 ℃ and 5, respectively. The strain could grow at pH 2 or 38 ℃, and could tolerate 250 g/L glucose, 9% ethanol, and 250 mg/L SO2. In conclusion, strain ZL01 has the potential to be applied to the fermentation of blueberry wine.
To meet the diverse needs for Horticultural majors and further cultivate students’ core competence and major quality, a blended teaching model for Horticultural Plant Breeding course was explored by clearly defining the teaching program design of this course. In terms of teaching program design, the theoretical knowledge of germplasm resources and introduction was systematically combed, and the online and offline teaching model was applied to make full use of the advantages of the Internet to achieve the course teaching objectives. Specific explorations included using blended online and offline teaching methods, as well as problem-based teaching, group discussion analysis, and other methods to stimulate students’ learning enthusiasm; introducing the discussion-collaboration- participation teaching model into the curriculum, and pushing cutting-edge literature on the subject before and after class to closely link teaching with science and broaden students’ professional horizons; adopting integrated teaching of science and education methods, combining teaching content with teaching and research bases or external joint bases; optimizing the assessment and evaluation system and adopting diversified process evaluation. Practice showed that this teaching reform had effectively simulated students’ learning initiative, and achieved good teaching achievement, the pass rate of students was 100%, and the teaching effect had been significantly improved. This article provides references for improving the quality of talent cultivation in Horticulture major and promoting professional construction and development.
To fully leverage the education role of professional farming and reading education, the core requirements for talent in the current horticultural industry development and employment market were investigated, the situation of cultivation of core abilities in horticultural cultivation was analyzed through farming education, and the optimization strategies for implementing farming education were studied in this major. In terms of core requirements, knowledge application and promotion ability were the core standards for most enterprises to select horticultural talents; in terms of support, 4 courses had been established, included Basic Cognition of Farming Education, Comprehensive Practice of Farming Education, etc., building a comprehensive education system for farming and reading throughout the entire process. Specific strategies included strengthening the top-level design of practical curriculum, optimizing the support of professional farming and reading education to various core abilities by coordinating the learning points, and improving the assessment standard of tillage, and reading education courses, breaking the centralized system of professional farming and reading education, changing it to “shuttle” half-learning and half-farming education, strengthening the channels of farming and reading education, and realizing technical output through students. This paper provides references for improving the professional education effect of local agricultural colleges and universities and building the brand of farming and reading education.
To cultivate high-quality talents capable of engaging in poultry farming, the problems in the textbook knowledge system, practical teaching, teaching interaction, industry integration, ideological and political education, and assessment evaluation of Poultry Production course were analyzed, and carried out targeted teaching reform practices. Teaching reform included carefully arranging course content, dividing them into modular content mainly based on common knowledge of the poultry production industry, supplemented by refined division of labor technology in the industry; flexible designing of practical teaching plans, and carrying out “multimedia+production practice” teaching; adopting diverse teaching methods such as case, projects, and role-playing; effectively linking industrial development and revising teaching content in combination with refined division of labor and modularization of industries; exploring ideological and political elements and skillfully integrate them into teaching; optimizing assessment and evaluation methods, and encouraging students to participate in extracurricular competition activities. The practical results showed that the teaching reform had achieved significant results, with an increase in students’ attendance rate, class attendance rate, teaching participation, and course satisfaction. This article provides references for improving the teaching quality of Poultry Production related courses.
To cultivate versatile talents for the professional development needs of the edible mushroom industry, the necessity of applying professional master’s degree (hereinafter referred to as professional master’s) graduate education in this industry had been analyzed, and corresponding talent cultivation measures were proposed in combination with the current development trend of professional master’s education. In terms of necessity, the cultivation of specialized talents, technological innovation, and improvement of the industrial system in the edible mushroom industry had shown great potential for development and room for improvement. There is an urgent need to cultivate high-quality professionals who can adapt to the needs of industrial development; professional master’s education is characterized by innovation, practicality, and versatility, guided by professional practice. The high-level and application-oriented professionals it cultivates are conducive to meeting the practical needs of industrial development. Specific measures included strengthening interdisciplinary curriculum design, introducing modern technologies such as gene editing, and optimizing the curriculum system; using case teaching and other methods to deepen theoretical knowledge and innovating teaching methods in practice; strengthening industry university research cooperation, establishing practice oriented topics, adopting the “engineering alternation” model, and allowing students to intern in enterprises in stages to enhance practical teaching; establishing an ‘Industrial Project Report’ that focuses on evaluating students’ comprehensive qualities and practical abilities, and innovating assessment and evaluation methods. The practical results showed that this teaching model significantly improved students’ professional skills and practical abilities, enabling them to independently complete tasks such as edible mushroom cultivation, management, and processing; The practical teaching ability and research level of teachers had significantly improved; the enterprise had successfully introduced and transformed multiple advanced technologies for edible mushrooms, which helps optimize the layout of the industrial chain. This article provides a reference for talent cultivation of the edible mushroom and related industries.
Exploring the influencing factors of urban elderly’s willingness for rural retirement relocation is helpful to explore the development path of rural living for the elderly from the perspective of health care function construction. Based on the survey data of urban elderly tourists in some rural areas of Qionghai City, Hainan Province, the theory of planned behavior and the binary Logit model were used to explore the influencing factors of urban elderly’s willingness for rural retirement relocation. The results showed that educational background (β=0.15, P<0.05) had positive effect on the elderly’s willingness for rural retirement relocation. The driving forces of the three dimensions, namely, behavioral attitude (BA), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavior control (PBC), positively affected the elderly’s willingness for rural retirement relocation, and the driving force effect of the three dimensions was ranked as BA > PBC > SN. The interaction terms of BA and SN play a significant positive role, and the regulating effect is established. Aiming at the factors that affect the willingness of urban elderly’s willingness for rural retirement relocation, this paper puts forward the development path of rural retirement relocation from three aspects, top-level design, living place, and elderly group.
To strengthen the rural talent team, improve agricultural production technology, industrial development capabilities, and farmers’ management and business abilities, the basic situation and training content of cultivating high-quality agricultural farmers in Fengyang County of Anhui Province was analyzed in the past 3 years (2021-2023), as well as the problems in resource allocation, actual needs, and cultivation effects. Based on the cultivation experience, a series of optimization measures were proposed. 7 institutions, including Agricultural Radio and Television School, Agricultural Science Research Institute, and local colleges, were responsible for cultivating and teaching in this area. The training courses were divided into 3 categories: professional production type, skill service type, and business management type. The training content includes business management, professional production, and skill service. The number of participants and training courses are increasing year by year, and the cultural quality of participants is improving year by year. Optimization measures includes optimizing resource investment and integrating institutions, matching training content and needs, evaluating the effectiveness of farmer training, increasing farmers’ participation and enthusiasm in training, strengthening the role of demonstration and leadership, improving the efficiency of fund utilization, optimizing training institutions, and strengthening the construction of teaching staff. The practical results showed that vigorously cultivating high-quality farmers is conducive to promoting rural economic development, increasing famers’ income.
