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To screen suitable rice varieties for planting in the Luoshan County of southern Henan rice region, a regional experiment was conducted on 8 hybrid indica rice varieties, including Liangyou 2189 and Ganliangyoujiusimiao, Fengliangyou 4 was used as a control(CK), to identify their characteristics such as growth period, agronomic traits, and yield. The results showed that the entire growth period of the tested varieties was 132-138 days, and the difference was not significant. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height ranges from 127.0 to 148.0 cm, with Nuoyou 962 being the highest and other varieties around 130 cm; the setting rate was 76.3%-90.2%; the thousand grain weight ranges from 22.9 to 28.8 g. In terms of yield, the Ganliangyoujiusimiao, Chun 9 liangyouyazhan, and Liangyou 2189 had higher yields, with yields of 9 362.82, 8 958.02, and 8 868.07 kg/hm2, respectively, which were 4.2% to 10.0% higher than the CK. Overall, Ganliangyoujiusimiao, Chun 9 liangyouyazhan, and Liangyou 2189 have lush growth, good plant and leaf types, and good yield performance.
The breeding process of Qiaoliangyoujingxiangsizhan was introduced, the main characteristics and cultivation techniques of this variety were summarized and analyzed. Qiaoliangyoujingxiangsizhan is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety developed through systematic breeding, with Xi 08S as the female parent and Jingxiangsizhan as the male parent. High yield, excellent quality, and moderate resistance to rice blast disease were demonstrated in regional and production trials. Its high yield cultivation techniques include timely sowing, pesticide soaking, and moderate sowing; suitable transplanting time; apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply early and heavy tillering fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; select suitable pesticides for chemical weed control 5-7 days after rice transplantation; appropriate timing and application of pesticides to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice false smut and rice thrips. This article provides a reference for the cultivation of this variety as mid season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and related areas.
To accelerate the high quality production of wheat in Hexian, Anhui Province, suitable wheat varieties for local planting were selected, including 10 varieties such as Ningmai 13 and Zhenmai 15, for demonstration experiments. Ningmai 13 was used as a control to comprehensively investigate the growth period, agronomic traits, morphological resistance, and yield characteristics of each variety. The results indicated that the entire growth period of each variety was between 200-212 days. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height ranges from 73.3 to 87.4 cm, the ear length ranges from 6.8 to 10.4 cm, the number of grains per ear ranges from 33.6 to 39.8, the thousand grain weight ranges from 36.1 to 43.8 g, and the effective ear count ranges from 4.245 million to 5.775 million ears per hectare. In terms of resistance, 7 varieties including Ningmai 24, Ningmai 26, and Zhenmai 12 had strong lodging resistance, while Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 had better resistance to Fusarium head blight. The top 3 wheat varieties in terms of yield are Zhenmai 18 (6 789.0 kg/hm2), Yangmai 34 (6 762.0 kg/hm2), and Zhenmai 15 (6 724.5 kg/hm2), which increased yield by 12.5% to 13.5% compared to the CK. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the growth period, agronomic traits, resistance, and yield performance of various varieties, Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 were selected to perform well under the climatic conditions of the experimental field in that year.
The high yield cultivation techniques of Yuxiangliangyouxiangsi based on its demonstration planting performance in Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Province were summarized. This variety has a moderate growth period, strong disease resistance, multiple effective panicles, high yield, and excellent rice quality, making it suitable for promotion and planting as double season late rice in study area. Its high yield cultivation techniques include selecting fertile and easily irrigated fields as seedling fields, soaking seeds in a timely manner to promote germination, and cultivating strong seedlings; transplanting at appropriate times and plant densely at 15-18 days of seedling age; heavy application of base fertilizer, early application of tillering fertilizer, and skillful application of ear grain fertilizer; shallow water seedling establishment, thin water tillering, alternating dry and wet irrigation after seedling establishment, and cutting off water supply 5-7 days before harvesting; appropriate timing and medication for weed control, combined with the occurrence of pests, diseases, and rodents in the field, selecting suitable pesticides for green prevention and control; when the rice is 95% ripe, harvest it mechanically on sunny days and promptly sun dry or dry it before returning it to the warehouse. This article provides a reference for promoting the cultivation of Yuxiangliangyouxiangsi in Jianghua and related areas.
To investigate the effect of transplanting density on cigar quality, cigar variety ‘CX-14’ was used as the test material. 5 transplanting density treatments were set up, including CK (40 cm plant spacing, 21 750 plants/hm2), T1 (30 cm plant spacing, 17 400 plants/hm2), T2 (35 cm plant spacing, 19 320 plants/hm2), T3 (45 cm plant spacing, 24 855 plants/hm2), and T4 (50 cm plant spacing, 28 995 plants/hm2), to study the growth period, agronomic traits, chemical composition content, and economic benefits of each treatment. The results indicated that the growth period of each treatment of the crop in the field was between 105 and 110 days, and the growth period of T3 and T4 treatments was more suitable. The transplanting density directly affects the individual development of tobacco plants, with plant heights ranging from 124.9 to 132.8 cm for each treatment. The chemical composition content of tobacco leaves treated with T2, T3, and T4 was more suitable; the evaluation of smoking quality of cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation shows T3>CK>T4>T2>T1 (middle leaves), CK>T3>T4>T2>T1 (upper leaves). In terms of economic benefits, the proportion and output value of first-class tobacco treated with T3 were relatively high, at 31.0% and 110 940.0 yuan/hm2, respectively. Overall, cigars with a plant spacing of 45 cm and a cultivation density of 24 855 plants/hm2(T3) have better chemical composition coordination and aroma quality evaluation, and have higher economic benefits.
To further improve the quality of tobacco leaves in Shaowu of Fujian province tobacco-growing area, ‘Cuibi No.1’ was taken as the test material by field test. Using the soil before transplantation as control (CK). The effects of different amounts of high carbon-based soil remediation fertilizer (0, 225, 450, 675 and 900 kg/hm2, named as T0、T1、T2、T3 and T4, respectively) on higher agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco plants, occurrence of diseases such as red stain, soil chemical indexes such as soil pH, and chemical components of tobacco leaves such as total sugar were studied. The results showed that in terms of agronomic traits, the high carbon-based soil remediation fertilizer could promote the opening of the upper leaves. In terms of disease occurrence, the application of the fertilizer had no effect on the occurrence of tobacco mosaic virus and bacterial wilt. In terms of tobacco chemical composition, high carbon-based soil remediation fertilizer can improve the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves after roasting, and effectively improve the quality of sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves. In terms of soil chemical indexes, with the increase of fertilizer application, soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total potassium showed a decreasing trend compared with T0 increment, and the increment of organic carbon and organic matter showed a decreasing trend first and then an increasing trend; compared with CK, the increment of available potassium decreased, the increment of organic carbon and organic matter decreased first and then increased, and the increment of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased first and then decreased. In conclusion, on the basis of conventional fertilization, adding high carbon-based soil remediation fertilizer was beneficial to the growth of tobacco leaves in Shaowu tobacco-growing area, and the quality of tobacco leaves in the upper part was significantly improved.
Feeding chickens under the forest is an economic innovation farming model under forest, which has good economic benefits and broad development prospects. In this paper, the effects of feeding chicken under the forest on forest and grass, soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial diversity, and insect population were summarized,and the corresponding development measures were put forward based on practical production. In the modes of feeding chickens under the forest, chicken manure, as a green organic fertilizer, can effectively increase economic income. However, this model also has some disadvantages, such as damaging plant growth and reducing plant diversity. When the density of chickens under the forest is controlled reasonably, it is beneficial to maintain good soil ventilation and water permeability. However, the high-density and long-term activities of chickens may lead to the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, and the growth of trees is hindered by poor soil quality. In the process of production, the modes of feeding chicken under the forest is beneficial to increase the variety and quantity of soil microorganisms, promote the decomposition of soil organic matter and the transformation of nutrients, and thus improve soil fertility. At the same time, it can reduce the occurrence of pests, promote the healthy growth of plants, save feed, and reduce the cost of disease and pest control. The development of feeding chicken under the forest should be based on local conditions, scientific site selection and layout, targeted improvement of the vegetation in the breeding area, reasonable determination of breeding density, time and scale, implementation of regional rotational grazing system, and strengthening disease prevention and control. This paper provides references for promoting the high-quality development of the feeding chicken under the forest.
Native chicken is loved by consumers because of its fresh meat and rich nutritional value. The breeding technology of native chicken in Huangshan of Anhui Province from the aspects of chicken farm construction, variety selection, brooding and breeding management were introduced, and the breeding benefits in actual production were analyzed, and the corresponding measures were proposed. In the process of chicken breeding, the chicken farm should choose a higher terrain, ensure convenient transportation, stay away from residential areas, and ensure sufficient water, etc., it is appropriate to choose an adult weight of about 2 kg and a long tibial variety. In brooding stage, brooding rooms should be prepared in advance, and related facilities should be configured according to the number of brooding and breeding scale. In the process of brooding, the temperature and light should be controlled, the food and drink should be started timely, and the work of environmental management, feed transition and immunization should be done well. In terms of breeding management, when the body weight of chicks grows to about 0.5 kg, they are transferred to the adult chicken house for stocking. After the transfer, the activity of chickens and egg production rate are increased by adding perches and building egg boxes in the chicken house. In practice, through the above technical measures, the economic benefits are higher; however, in actual production, it is necessary to further strengthen management from the aspects of epidemic prevention and disinfection, market conditions, emergency skills, etc., to improve its economic benefits. This paper provides references for native chicken breeding in relevant areas.
Based on the production practice, the ecological habits of Aronia melanocarpa in Northwest Liaoning was analyzed, and the standardized seeding and seedling technology of Aronia melanocarpa was summarized. The tree species is a kind of edible, medicinal and landscaping tree with strong stress resistance and cold resistance. Seeding and seedling raising techniques include selecting trees with strong branches and even fruits, dewaxing the seed coat, treating the seeds with mixed sand stratification, paying attention to land preparation and fertilization, selecting appropriate bed layout, spraying and disinfected the seeding bed before sowing, etc., reasonable application of seeding technology is beneficial to the production and management of Aronia melanocarpa, and a large number of high quality seedlings can be obtained in a short time. This paper provides references for the introduction, cultivation and variety breeding of Aronia melanocarpa.
To investigate the effect of sowing methods on the seedling rearing of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus in Dabie Mountain, the quadrat survey method was used to analyze the germination rate and seedling height growth of the seedlings sown in spring and autumn. The results showed that autumn sowing had obvious advantages over spring sowing, and the rate of good varieties and strong seedlings increased significantly. Autumn sowing seed germination 10 days earlier than spring sowing. The germination rate of autumn sowing reached 93% after 70 days of sowing, which was 17 percentage points higher than that of spring sowing. Compared with spring seedlings, the plant height and ground diameter of annual autumn seedlings increased by 25.8% and 40.0%, respectively. This paper provides references for the cultivation and popularization of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus in high altitude area.
In the context of the demand for sustainable development in forestry, the integrated development of forestry technology is conducive to the efficient utilization and protection of forestry resources. The key areas that need to be focused on in the current development of forestry technology integration was analyzed, and their integration development strategies were explored. In its integrated development, it is necessary to focus on the difficulty of technological updates and popularization, high application costs, limited cultural and knowledge inheritance, slightly low economic benefits, and climate change. Based on this, it is proposed to enhance the technical level of practitioners through systematic technical training such as basic training and advanced training, establish a knowledge update mechanism, and ensure the effective integration of new technologies into forestry practice; provide special funds or subsidies to reduce equipment and maintenance costs, promote distributed application models to improve equipment utilization, fully utilize IoT and cloud computing technologies, and build regional data sharing platforms; initiate a special plan to establish a database of forestry knowledge, while integrating modern forestry technology into the relevant curriculum system; develop green economy such as ecotourism and sustainable forestry products, implement economic incentives to promote sustainable forestry practices; promote strategies such as real-time data monitoring and diversified forestry management to strengthen adaptive forestry management. This article provides a reference for sustainable development of forestry.
Based on a literature review, this paper synthesizes the mechanisms underlying the detachment of the mattic epipedon during the degradation of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, discusses its ecological functions, and highlights that restoring the mattic epipedon is crucial for rehabilitating degraded grasslands. The mattic epipedon in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a unique surface soil layer composed of living/dead roots and humus, playing essential ecological roles in water conservation, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and maintaining ecosystem stability. The detachment of the mattic epipedon is driven by multiple factors, including climate warming and drying, freeze-thaw cycles, grazing pressure, rodent disturbances, and human activities, manifesting as a degradation sequence from normal development, thickening, collapse, to complete detachment. The rupture of the mattic epipedon leads to deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, reduced microbial activity, and vegetation retrogressive succession, exacerbating the formation of “black soil patches”. Future research should focus on the response of the mattic epipedon to climate change, its role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and restoration techniques to provide a scientific basis for the ecological rehabilitation of alpine grasslands.
To evaluate the ecological suitability of loquat planting area in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, the typical environmental characteristics and soil site conditions in the core production area of “Santang Loquat” in the study area were selected as indicators to construct a multi-dimensional suitability assessment system incorporating key factors such as topography, climatic conditions, and soil characteristics. Based on this system, suitability evaluation was conducted for existing loquat cultivation areas, with spatial analysis performed in non-cultivated regions. The results indicate that highly suitable areas for loquat cultivation in investigation area cover 570.9 hm², accounting for over 50% of total loquat orchard area, while moderately suitable areas encompass 449.0 hm², representing more than 40% of total loquat orchard area. Spatial analysis of non-cultivated regions identified 884.3 hm² of potentially suitable areas. Based on these evaluation results and considering actual production conditions, development recommendations were proposed, including strengthening brand promotion, enhancing quality improvement research, and establishing a “Santang Loquat Valley” based on existing production areas.
To screen mutant strains of Beauveria bassiana with high sporulation yield, high virulence, genetic stability, and suitable solid-state fermentation conditions, this study treated the spore suspension of B. bassiana with UV irradiation mutagenesis. Mutants exhibiting large colony diameter and area, high sporulation per unit area, and enhanced virulence against Plutella xylostella were selected. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the solid-state fermentation process for the selected mutant strains. The results showed that the sporulation yield of the S2 mutant strain was 3.05-fold higher than that of the original strain, with corrected mortality and median lethal time improved by 8.7% and shortened by 17.2%, respectively. After five successive subcultures, the average sporulation yield of S2 remained stable at approximately 4.74×10⁹ spores/cm², demonstrating robust genetic stability. Further optimization revealed the optimal solid-state fermentation conditions for S2: wheat bran to rice bran mass ratio of 1.34∶1.00, inorganic salt content of 0.26%, inoculum size of 9.32%, moisture content of 50%, and fermentation temperature of 26 °C. Under these conditions, the actual sporulation yield reached 11.762×10⁸ spores/g. This study provides an experimental foundation for the development of B. bassiana-based insecticides.
Based on literature review and practical application, the definition, classification and action mechanism of biopesticides were described in this paper. The application of biopesticides in agricultural fields such as disease and pest control, weed control, and soil improvement was analyzed, and strategies to promote the application of biopesticides in agricultural planting were proposed. Biopesticides refer to a category of pesticide formulations that utilize living organisms or their metabolites to effectively control agricultural pests, encompassing microbial pesticides, plant-derived pesticides, animal-derived pesticides, and other types. Currently, the application of biopesticides in agricultural production primarily manifests in disease and pest control, weed management, and soil improvement, demonstrating significant application value and development potential. In terms of disease and pest control, biopesticides achieve ecological management through specific mechanisms of action; in terms of weed control, bioherbicides based on toxic or inhibitory effects show notable efficacy; and in terms of soil health maintenance, they enhance soil ecological functions by regulating microbial community structures. To promote the adoption and application of biopesticides, the following measures were proposed: intensifying public education on biopesticides to raise awareness, improving market supervision systems to ensure product safety and efficacy, and strengthening technological research and development to enhance product performance and stability. This research provides valuable references for advancing the promotion and application of biopesticides.
To understand the occurrence dynamics of weeds in rapeseed fields, this study conducted surveys in 2019 and 2024 on weed communities in rapeseed fields of Huaining County, Anhui Province. Weed species composition and occurrence quantity were investigated, the indicators including average density, relative frequency, relative abundance, and damage level proportion were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the weed community in the study area was predominantly composed of Alopecurus japonicus, Alopecurus aequalis, Beckmannia syzigachne, Poa annua, Stellaria media, Stellaria aquatica, Veronica polita, and Galium spurium. These species exhibited relatively high values in average density, relative frequency, relative abundance, and damage level proportion. Notably, the occurrence and damage caused by Stellaria aquatica, Lapsanastrum apogonoides, Geranium carolinianum, and Vicia sativa had progressively intensified, showed an increasing tendency to become dominant weeds. Comprehensive analysis revealed an overall decline in total weed density within rapeseed fields, while the overall damage severity had increased, accompanied by further expansion of their spatial distribution. In response to the actual weed occurrence patterns in local rapeseed fields, integrated control measures including agricultural practices, mechanical management, and chemical treatments were proposed to mitigate yield losses caused by weed infestation.
The termite species infestation in water conservancy projects and their harmfulness were analyzed, the causes of termite infestation in water conservancy projects were explored, and the prevention and control strategies were proposed. In water conservancy projects, termite species are mainly distributed in Odontotermers and Macrotermers. The main species are Odontotermes formosanus, Macrotermes barneyi and Odontotermers hainanensis. Damage by termites may lead to leakage, piping and other dangerous situations, affecting the normal operation of facilities. The main reasons for termite infestation in water conservancy projects include suitable environmental conditions, construction-related residual issues, migration of adjacent termite source areas and inadequate daily management. Based on this, termite control strategies for water conservancy projects were proposed, including strengthen the maintenance of the surrounding environment, reduce the waterlogging area, trim and clear weeds on the embankment to destroy the living environment of termites, and plant termite-repellent plants. Enhance the engineering design and construction standards, and carry out comprehensive inspection and control of termites in the surrounding areas during the early stages of construction; in the process of dam filling, ensure that the compaction level of soil reaches the standard, reduce the porosity and weak parts; set up physical or chemical barriers during construction to prevent termite invasion. Improve the understanding of the harm of termites and strengthen the awareness of prevention; conduct comprehensive general surveys and regular inspections; increase the investment in termite control, through research and development, introduction and promotion of advanced control technology and equipment, strengthen control technology innovation and technical training, establish a long-term termite control mechanism, and ensure the stable operation of water conservancy facilities.
Lasioderma serricorne is a common pest in tobacco leaf processing and cigarette production. In order to understand the occurrence and damage characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and take appropriate prevention and control measures for different scenarios, the research progress on the biological characteristics, damage, monitoring and control methods of Lasioderma serricorne were reviewed. The results showed that the reproductive generation and peak activity period of Lasioderma serricorne varied in different regions. The degree of damage in southern regions was higher than that in northern regions, and the degree of damage in high quality tobacco was higher than that in low quality tobacco. The methods for pest monitoring included manual statistics based on traps, image recognition, and electronic nose monitoring. There were 3 methods for the prevention and control of pest: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Physical control included low-temperature treatment, high temperature treatment, vacuum conditioning, controlled atmosphere treatment, microwave treatment, and ultraviolet light trapping. Chemical control included fumigation, hormones, chemical insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and plant essential oils. Biological control included bacterial control, fungal control, parasitic natural enemy control, RNA interference technology, and attractant. The research provides references for the integrated control of tobacco beetle.
To formulate technical regulation for controlling non-tobacco substances during threshing and rebaking, the quantity and category of non-tobacco substances removed by equipment and manual removal in 8 rebaking enterprises were analyzed. The results showed that the proportion of non-tobacco substances weight to the feed volume removed by equipment and manual removal were 7.11×10-6 and 8.09×10-6 respectively. The proportion of non-tobacco substances removed by metal detector, photoelectric decontamination machine, and air separation decontamination machine was relatively high. The proportion of Class Ι non-tobacco substances removed by photoelectric decontamination machine was relatively high in conveyor belt, leaf laying station, tobacco picking station and leaf reheating station. The non-tobacco substances accumulatively removed were mainly Class II non-tobacco substances, accounting for 95.56%. It is advisable to install sand screening machine, air separation decontamination machine, hemp ribbon (roller), metal detector, hemp silk stripping machine and photoelectric decontamination machine, etc. Manual removal of non-tobacco substances stations should be carried out in the tobacco selection, leaf laying, selection, conveyor belt after air separation and impurity removal, conveyor belt after photoelectric impurity removal, conveyor belt for leaf and tobacco stem collection in the leaf beating process, screening and vibrating screen in the leaf beating process, and after leaf reroasting. In summary, the key points of Class Ι of non-tobacco substances control should be placed in the tobacco selection, leaf laying table, metal detection, wind separation and photoelectric impurity removal processes, and the control focus of manual selection of non-tobacco substances should be placed before the leaf beating process.
The physical and chemical properties of coffee grounds, as a by-product of coffee, and the potential of resource reuse were reviewed. Coffee grounds are rich in nutrients such as organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their porous nature makes them a good soil amendment. In soil improvement, coffee grounds can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and adjust soil pH. In terms of fertilizer application, coffee grounds can improve the physical properties of the soil, and its slow-release effect provides stable and lasting nutrition for crops, helps to reduce the loss and volatilization of nutrients, and thus improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. The reuse of coffee grounds resources helps reduce the environmental burden caused by agricultural waste and realize the recycling of agricultural by-products. At the same time, it promotes the root expansion and nutrient absorption of crops by improving soil conditions, so as to further improve crop yield and quality. This paper provides a reference for realizing the efficient utilization of coffee grounds and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
To protect the resources of Sarcandra glabra and enhance the economic benefits of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations, Sarcandra glabra is cultivated in a wild-simulated manner after thinning the Cunninghamia lanceolata stands. Through years of practical exploration, a key technical system for cultivating Sarcandra glabra under Cunninghamia lanceolata forests has been established, including suitable growth conditions, seedling cultivation, land preparation, understory planting, post-planting management, and harvesting. In terms of suitable growth conditions, Sarcandra glabra prefers warm and humid environments, avoids direct strong sunlight, and thrives under diffused light within forests. In terms of seedling cultivation, seed propagation and cutting propagation are commonly used for seedling cultivation. The seed propagation process involves seed collection and treatment, bed preparation, sowing, and nursery management, while cutting propagation includes pre-cutting preparation, cutting, and post-cutting management. In terms of land preparation and understory planting, it is advisable to select the forest land with fertile, slightly acidic or neutral soil and close to water source, and the canopy density should be 0.5-0.6. In spring from February to April, choose cloudy days or when the soil is wet after rain. Post-planting management includes replanting, soil loosening, weeding, fertilization, and light control. Enhanced management practices involve applying 70% mancozeb wettable powder and other agents to control diseases, as well as using manual trapping or light trapping for pest control.The plant is harvested on sunny days after the dew has dried. Harvesting link, after harvesting, it is promptly cleaned, sun-dried or dehydrated, and stored in a ventilated and dry place. This cultivation technique provides a reference for under-forest planting of Sarcandra glabra in relevant areas.
The environmental suitability of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area of Shanxi Province was analyzed from four aspects: climatic conditions, climatic stability, geographical conditions and soil conditions, and the planting management techniques were summarized from the aspects of seed breeding, planting time and planting methods. The Hengshan area was more suitable for the growth of Astragalus membranaceus with large diurnal temperature difference, suitable precipitation, abundant light resources, less extreme weather and loose soil. In order to improve the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus, a series of cultivation and management measures were put forward, including the selection of seeds with full grain and no mildew and moth-eaten seeds, timely sowing, rational fertilization, scientific irrigation, timely weeding and attention to disease and pest control. This paper provides references for further improving the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area.
To explore the characteristics of rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Codonopsis pilosula, this study used the collected C.pilosula roots and their rhizosphere soil as experimental materials to isolate and screen PGPR. The strains were studied for their nitrogen fixation and potassium solubilization characteristics. Strains with obvious flora and rapid growth were selected to analyze their effects on the emergence rate, plant height, crown width, and other growth indicators of C.pilosula, and to classify and identify them. The results showed that a total of 23 PGPR strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of C.pilosula: 8 potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 7 nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 6 inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and 2 organic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. The distribution was mainly concentrated on the root surface, followed by the rhizosphere, and the least inside the root. In terms of characteristic, the strains with better growth were selected as Arp-2, Arp-3, Arp-7, Arp-16, and Arp-22. Arp-2 had the strongest organic phosphorus solubilization ability, which was 69.23 µg/mL. Arp-3 had the strongest inorganic phosphorus solubilization ability, which was 329.62 µg/mL. Arp-16 had the highest nitrogenase activity and potassium solubilization index, which were 841.77 nmol (C2H4)/(h·mL) and 3.66 mg/L, respectively. All 5 strains were inhibitory to Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani pathogens. Among them, the Arp-7 strain had the highest inhibition rate against Fusarium, which was 90.54%. In terms of growth index, compared with the control, the emergence rate of C. pilosula increased by 4.96-17.70 percentage points after treatment with PGPR; plant height and crown width increased by 2.57-9.95 cm and 4.30-12.01 cm, respectively. After identification, among the 5 excellent strains, Arp-2 was identified as Pseudomonas thivervalensis, Arp-3 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Arp-7 was identified as Bacillus subtilis, Arp-16 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Arp-22 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. This study provides a reference for further analysis of the mechanism of PGPR and the development of functional microbial resources.
To explore the effect of salt stress on antioxidant oxidase activity of Hosta plantaginea seedlings, Hosta plantaginea seedlings were taken as experimental materials. After 14 days of pot culture, water treatment was used as the control, the seedlings were treated with salt stress with different concentrations of NaCl solution (0.25%,0.50% and 0.75%), and their activity of CAT, SOD, POD and APX. The results showed that the activities of CAT, SOD and POD of Hosta plantaginea seedlings increased with the increase of salt stress concentration; the activity of APX decreased. To sum up, the seedlings of Hosta plantaginea mainly eliminated excess harmful substances in the body by increasing the activities of CAT, SOD and POD, decreased APX activity so as to resist salt stress.
To make reasonable use of climate resources to improve crop market competitiveness and promote agricultural yield and income, the contribution degree of climate factors such as light, temperature and water to crop quality formation quantitatively analyzed during the growing period of mung bean in Mingguang City, Anhui Province and a climate quality evaluation model based on meteorological conditions by using hierarchical scoring method was established. The results showed that the conditions of light and temperature were suitable, which was conducive to the sowing, germination and growth of Minglyu NO.1 mung bean. It has certain high temperature and heat damage, which was not conducive to pollination and pod formation of mung bean, and affects the seed setting rate. According to the climate quality model of Mingguang mung bean, combined with the meteorological conditions during the growth and development period, the total score of mung bean climate quality certification of Mingguang Jianxi Changcheng Family Farm was 7.596. According to the certification grade classification standard, the climate quality grade of mung beans grown on this farm was identified as Class Ⅱ. The research results provides a reference for realizing “high quality and high price” of agricultural products and sustainable use of climate resources.
To improve the typhoon rainstorm forecasting ability and reduce the economic loss caused by meteorological disasters in Dangshan County, Anhui Province, the precipitation data of ground automatic station, MICAPS aerial reality data, Doppler weather radar data and numerical forecasting data were used. The weather situation, atmospheric circulation background and weather situation, single-station sounding and physical field, radar echo evolution characteristics, numerical prediction test of the heavy rain process under the influence of typhoon “Bebinca” on September 17-18, 2024 were analyzed. The results showed that the main influencing factor of the typhoon rainstorm process was the typhoon trough, and the convergence was obvious; the typhoon moved slowly and maintained for a long time. The eastern water vapor transport channel was maintained and the water vapor conditions were good. Temperature characteristics, water vapor conditions, wind field characteristics and stability indexes were all conducive to the occurrence of the typhoon rainstorm. The size of the combined reflectivity factor in the radar echo had important indicative significance for the meteorological department to issue early warning information in time, and provided an important basis for disaster prevention and reduction. In each numerical forecast, the EC model had a higher accuracy for the track forecast and precipitation forecast of the typhoon “Bebinca”, and its forecast typhoon track, precipitation falling area and precipitation level were closer to the real situation. This paper provides a reference for providing more accurate typhoon forecast service in relevant areas.
To promote the application of the concept of big health in the teaching of Medicinal Botany course, improve the quality of talent cultivation, the teaching status of the course content, teaching methods, and process evaluation system was analyzed, and the targeted teaching reform practices was carried out. Specifically, it included optimizing teaching content, integrating the concept of big health into the theoretical part, adding innovative and modular experimental teaching in the practical part, and enriching the ideological and political elements of the curriculum; innovating teaching methods, incorporating task driven teaching, thematic lectures, and other teaching methods; adopting a process evaluation system, including internship performance, collection and classification of medicinal plants, preserved leaf specimens, and assessment of plant species identification. The results indicated that this teaching reform helps to strengthen students’ intrinsic learning motivation, enhances their innovative and entrepreneurial thinking, and provides references for cultivating innovative talents in the field of traditional Chinese medicine health.
To cultivate high quality talents to meet the needs of social development, the current situation of the teaching system of Botany Experiment course was analyzed from the aspects of teaching form, teaching content, outdoor practice and comprehensive assessment, and the corresponding reform measures were put forward. Specifically, it included optimizing teaching forms, using online and offline, virtual simulation and other teaching forms to enhance teacher-student interaction; updating the experimental teaching content, increasing the comprehensive and research oriented experimental projects, enhancing students’ learning motivation and interest; expanding outdoor practice classes, allowing students to use electronic equipment in summer to collect complete morphological information of outdoor plants in their hometown, making plant specimens, etc., and maintaining the ecosystem; adopting a multi-level assessment method, evaluating the quality of microscopic observation reports, plant specimens, and plant retrieval tables through microscopic experiments, aimed to cultivate students’ comprehensive qualities. Practiced had showed that the reformed teaching system had enhanced interaction between teachers and students, effectively extended classroom content, improved students’ enthusiasm for self-directed learning and classroom participation, helped them better grasp botanical theoretical knowledge, and enhanced their comprehensive practical abilities, providing a reference for the teaching reform of plant courses in colleges and universities.
To improve the training quality of Tea Science, the current situation of new challenges faced by the teaching content and methods of Tea Plant Physiology course was analyzed, and a series of teaching reform schemes were put forward according to the actual teaching situation. Specifically, it includes updating the teaching content, promoting the cross-integration of multiple disciplines, integrating into the frontier of discipline development, and condensing new knowledge points on the basis of professional advantage disciplines; innovating teaching model, promoting teaching by competition, strengthening practical teaching, carrying out mixed teaching, and improving students’ independent learning ability through the three-in-one multi-learning model of “before class + during class + after class”; integrating ideological and political elements, promoting the spirit of scientists, cultivating students’ service to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, cultivating their love for farming and education, and enhancing their sense of social responsibility; optimizing the evaluation method, strengthening the process assessment, and conducting a comprehensive evaluation of students’ achievements. This paper provides a reference for promoting the improvement and innovation of the teaching quality of Tea Tree Physiology and similar courses.
To cultivate landscape planning and design talents to meet the needs of social development, based on the “Internet+”blended collaborative learning （BCL） model, the teaching ideas applied to Landscape Planning and Design course were designed, and teaching reform practice was carried out. The conceptual design includes group collaboration, flipped classroom, scientific research training, etc. The reform practice includes optimizing teaching links, taking “guidance-learning-evaluation-achievement” as the main line and connecting the teaching links organically; the mixed teaching method was adopted to set different teaching tasks before, during and after class to cultivate students’ advanced application ability; combining with diversified teaching methods and taking students as the center, the five-in-one teaching model of “teaching-learning-discussion-competition-research” was constructed; a diversified evaluation system should be established, with students’ scores composed of 3 parts: peacetime performance (10%), design works (30%) and paper scores (60%), and additional points should be added to reflect the value of social service. The practice results showed that the teaching model effectively stimulates students’ learning enthusiasm and initiative, and improves their scientific research ability and comprehensive quality. This paper provides a reference for the teaching reform of related Landscape courses.
To improve the quality of the construction of first-class undergraduate major, the necessity of the construction and reform of Vegetable Cultivation (including Facility Horticulture) course was analyzed, and the teaching system was put into practice from the aspects of course objectives, teaching content, course resources, teaching forms, experiments and practical training, ideological and political elements and teaching evaluation. Specifically, refine the course objectives, so that students can master vegetable sowing, seedling rearing and field management techniques. Optimize the teaching content, combine the two courses of Vegetable Cultivation and Facility Horticulture organically to make it more targeted. Integrate teachers, set up interdisciplinary teachers team, increase professional teaching materials, and enrich online resources; upgrade the experimental teaching resources, update the experimental vegetable seed specimens and so on. Optimize the teaching form, adopt flipped classroom and heuristic teaching, and let students lead the class. Experiments and practical training were strengthened, experiments were set up on identification of vegetable types and investigation of greenhouse types, and virtual simulation experiments were built on greenhouse structure design and soilless cultivation of horticultural crops. Condense ideological and political elements, cultivate students’ spirit of innovation, love for the people, and other pursuits and emotions. The scoring mode of final written test (70%) + experimental class score (15%) + classroom performance (9%) + homework (6%) was adopted to evaluate the teaching results in multiple dimensions. Practice showed that under this teaching reform model, students’ attendance rate and course participation rate were relatively high, the total score pass rate was 94.9%, and the average score of experimental courses is above 85, which comprehensively improves students’ theoretical foundation and practical ability. This paper provides references for the teaching reform of vegetable cultivation and facility horticulture courses.
A combined methodology of literature review and field research were used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the key aspects that require attention in village planning layout, and the optimization strategies were explored. Furthermore, through case studies, the practical pathways for optimizing village planning layout were investigated. Field research revealed that there was room for improvement in the planning layout in terms of highlighting rural cultural characteristics, enhancing the practicality of village construction, and increasing villagers’ participation enthusiasm. Based on these findings, the strategies such as emphasizing distinctive rural culture, aligning with the objectives of the harmonious rural, optimizing planning layout based on public needs, implementing higher-level planning, and establishing a long-term evaluation mechanism were proposed. Taking Chenhan Township,Susong County, Anhui Province as a case, the practical pathways for optimizing village planning layout were analyzed, including shaping distinctive rural culture, optimizing and improving rural public infrastructure, fully incorporating villagers’ opinions, and advancing comprehensive rural land improvement. This paper provides a reference for the optimization of village planning layout in relevant areas.
The key aspects that need to be focused on in the development of the perilla industry in Northern Jiangsu Province were analyzed, and strategies to promote its healthy and sustainable development were proposed. Perilla is one of the agricultural characteristic industries in Northern Jiangsu Province, the main variety of perilla planted is green leaf perilla, mainly exported directly with fresh leaves. In recent years, the cultivation of perilla in this region needs to focus on diseases and pests, soil quality, improvement of facilities and equipment, and deep processing of products. Based on this, strategies such as optimizing pest and disease control plans, improving soil conditions and quality, modifying facilities and equipment, and developing related deep processing products have been explored, to promote the specialization, scale, and standardization of perilla production. This article provides a reference for promoting the quality and efficiency improvement of the perilla industry.
Tea is one of the main economic crops in Taihu County, Anhui Province. The current situation of tea industry was analyzed in the study area in 5 aspects: tea garden base conditions, tea product processing, talent team construction, brand construction, resource utilization and development, and the effective countermeasures to promote high quality development of tea industry were put forward. Specifically, it improved the breeding system for high quality seeds, strengthened infrastructure and ecological construction, and consolidated the construction of tea plantation bases; strengthened the construction of clean primary tea plants, developed comprehensive regional processing plants, cultivated and strengthened leading enterprises, and improved the level of tea product processing; improved the professional skills and literacy of practitioners, met the employment needs of tea business entities, and strengthened the team of tea professionals; established a sound tea marketing network system, enhanced brand awareness and influence, strengthened brand creation and promotion; combined with ecological construction, tourism, and cultural industries, measures such as building a tea town style photography base and constructing a demonstration park that integrates leisure sightseeing and experiential harvesting would be taken to promote the diversified integration of tea tourism. This article provides a reference for optimizing the development path of the tea industry and promoting high quality development of the tea industry in relevant regions.
