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The soybean planting history in Northern Anhui Province is long and it is one of the important soybean production bases. The current situation and the link to be further improved of soybean production in this region were elaborated, its industrial development strategy was proposed. The soil and climate conditions in this area were suitable, with diverse soybean varieties and coordinated industrial development; further improvement was needed in terms of production infrastructure, variety application, and cultivation techniques. Based on this, strategies for industrial development were proposed including strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure and maintain various facilities; breeding and promote high-yield, high-quality, and highly resistant soybean varieties; actively exploring high-yield cultivation techniques such as scientific fertilization and green pest control; strengthening training, promoting fully mechanized soybean cultivation, and exploring upstream, midstream, and downstream industries forming industrial clusters, and other industrial development. This article provides references for soybean production and industrial development in Northern Anhui Province.
The parental sources, breeding process, characteristic characteristics, and high-yield cultivation techniques of Tianyikedou 21 were elaborated. This variety is a high-yield and high-quality soybean variety selected through pedigree method with Wansu 2156 as the female parent and Jidou 17 as the male parent. The 2-year regional trial and 1-year production trial results showed that this variety had a high-yield; the plant height was suitable and can resist lodging; the grain was high in oil and protein content. Its high-yield cultivation techniques include pre-sowing preparation such as soil preparation and seed treatment; sowing seeds in a timely manner according to weather conditions, soil moisture, and quality; reasonable planting density; carrying out field management such as seedling inspection, thinning, tillage, and weeding; timely prevention and control of soybean root rot, stink bugs, aphids, planthoppers and other pests and diseases; timely and early mechanical harvesting to prevent mechanical mixing. The soybean variety Tianyikedou 21 has high-yield and high-quality characteristics; providing references for its promotion and application in the Huai River region in Anhui Province and surrounding areas.
Handou 13 has been widely used in soybean and corn belt compound planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and has obtained high-yield and benefit. The high-yield cultivation techniques of the ribbon compound of this variety were summarized and analyzed. This soybean variety had the characteristics of shade tolerance, high oil content, density tolerance, lodging resistance, high-yield, and suitable mechanical harvesting when planted in this area. Its high-yield cultivation techniques included selecting coated soybean seeds to prevent underground pest infestation and increase germination rate; planting soybean and corn in a 4∶2 ratio to ensure appropriate density. In terms of field management, proper watering should be done during the grain filling period, nutrients should be added according to crop needs, insect pests such as soybean spot bug and whitefly should be prevented scientifically, and take measures such as soil sealing and stem and leaf control to prevent weeds in the field, etc., so as to improve yield potential. Timely and appropriate spraying of plant growth regulators to control vigorous plant growth; choose joint harvesting machinery for timely harvesting, etc. This article provides references for the application of this variety in soybean corn ribbon compound planting.
To select soybean varieties suitable for Yiyang City and areas with similar ecological conditions with stable-yield, high-yield and good adaptability. With Zhongdou 41 as the control, 11 varieties, including Zhongdou 43 and Nannong 57, were introduced and compared in Heshan District and Taojiang County, from the aspects of growth period, agronomic traits, main economic traits, and yield. The results showed that the growth period of 12 varieties in the two experiments was 86-100 days. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height was 62.6-83.0 cm, the bottom pod height was 12.5-21.3 cm, the number of main stem segments was 10.0-16.3, and the effective branches were 0.7-3.3. In terms of economic traits, the effective pod number per plant was 33.7-45.3, the kernel number per plant was 61.7-91.5, the kernel weight per plant was 15.3-23.0 g, the hundred kernel weight was 20.1-23.6 g, and the complete grain rate was 90%-96%. The average yield of 12 varieties was 2 100.0-2 398.5 kg/hm2, and the average yield of 11 introduced varieties were higher than that of the control.The growth period, agronomic traits and economic traits of Wandou 37 and Jidou 1258 were 1-2 days shorter than that of the control varieties. The economic traits such as effective pod number per plant and grain number per plant were higher than or close to that of the control varieties. The whole grain rate was above 90%, and the average yield was higher. The yield of Heshan test site was 2 398.5 kg/hm2 and 2 322.0 kg/hm2, respectively. The yield of Taojiang test site was 2 398.5 and 2 277.0 kg/hm2, respectively. The Wandou 37 and Jidou 1258 varieties have moderate growth periods, good agronomic and economic characteristics, and good yield performance, and are more suitable for planting demonstration and popularization in Yiyang City.
To investigate the effect of fertilization amount on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat, 2 winter wheat varieties, Zangdong 20 and Shandong 7 were used as materials, and low fertilizer, medium fertilizer, and high fertilizer treatments were set to explore their effects on this plant phenological period, agronomic traits, and yield, to explore the optimal fertilizer application rate. The results showed that under different fertilization treatments, the full growth period of 2 winter wheat varieties was 264-281 days, with the medium fertilizer treatment having the longest full growth period. Under different fertilization treatments, both winter wheat varieties showed better agronomic traits in terms of plant height, stem diameter, and stem node length under the ear when treated with medium fertilizer. In terms of yield and yield composition, the basic number of seedlings, total number of tillers, fertile spikelets, number of grains per spike, single spike grain weight, single plant grain weight, and yield were higher in the medium fertilizer treatment, while the sterile spikelets were lower, and the highest yield of Zangdong 20 was higher than that of Shandong 7. The medium fertilizer treatment is beneficial for wheat growth and has a higher efficiency in absorbing and utilizing fertilizers. Overall, medium fertilizer treatment can effectively extend the wheat jointing stage to heading stage, allowing it to absorb and accumulate more nutrients, and the agronomic traits showed better performance, with a significant increase in yield. The high-efficiency planting model of winter wheat Zangdong 20 + medium fertilizer level can be adopted.
Anke 1618 is a new semi-winter wheat variety with Shiyou 17 as the mother and Zhoumai 18 as the father. It had the characteristics of high-yield, stable-yield, wide adaptability and strong disease resistance. The breeding process, agronomic traits such as whole growth period, plant height, panicle number and yield of this variety were summarized and analyzed. The average yield of this variety was 8 468.4 kg/hm2 in the regional experiment of Wanhuai wheat complex in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. In the 2020-2021 production test, the average yield was 8 501.3 kg/hm2, and the yield increase point rate of multiple tests was more than 60%. Its comprehensive agronomic traits were good, disease resistance was better, quality was superior; high-yield cultivation emphasized uniform seed mixing and selecting suitable sowing dates; reasonable fertilization; field management focused on seedling inspection and supplementation, winter irrigation, comprehensive prevention and control of pests, diseases, and weeds, as well as field impurity removal. The research provides references for the cultivation and popularization of this variety in the north of Huaihe River and Huaihe River region.
To analyze the effects of organic substitution of partial fertilizers on soil properties and rice growth under different fertility levels, a experiment for rice to replace chemical fertilizers with 15% organic fertilizer with low, medium, and high fertility levels was conducted. Nutrients such as organic matter and alkaline nitrogen, as well as indicators such as 1 000-grain weight, tiller number, and plant height of rice were measured to analyze nutrient absorption and fertilizer input and output. The results showed that, in terms of soil nutrient, compared with conventional fertilization, 15% organic fertilizer substitution increased the effective phosphorus content by 24.22% in medium fertility plots, significantly increased the available potassium content by 27.71% in high fertility plots; yield aspect, 1 000-grain weight and yield of rice increased by 0.60, 0.51, and 0.94 g and 29, 143, and 55 kg/hm2, respectively, in plots with low, mediom and high fertility levels; nutrient utilization aspect, the total potassium content of rice straw increased by 78.08%, 28.85%, and 29.44% compared with conventional fertilization on plots with 3 fertility levels, respectively; economic benefits aspect, 15% organic fertilizer substitution saved fertilizer costs by 187.4 yuan/hm2, and the average output value increased by 196.7 yuan/hm2. In summary, the use of 15% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers could be beneficial for increasing soil nutrients and rice yield in low, medium, and high fertility plots. The research provides references for reducing fertilizer usage and promoting green rice production.
To screen foxtail millet varieties with strong salt tolerance, Chenggu No.13 and other 40 foxtail millet varieties were treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl solution under salt stress, and the control group was distilled water. Six indicators including relative germination potential, relative germination index and relative germination rate of foxtail millet during germination were measured. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the relative germination potential, germination rate and germination index of the Rehejinmi were the highest, the germination salt damage rate was the lowest, and the salt tolerance was strong. Correlation analysis showed that the relative germination potential was positively correlated with the relative germination rate and the relative germination index, the relative germination rate was positively correlated with the relative germination index, the relative germination index was positively correlated with the relative root length, and the relative root length was positively correlated with the relative bud length. Principal component analysis converted five indexes, including relative germination potential, into 2 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 85.675%. The relative germination index and relative root length could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the salt tolerance of sorghum during germination. The comprehensive evaluation by the membership function method showed that the Rehejinmi had the largest D value and the strongest salt tolerance, while that from Chengsi No.9 had the smallest D value and the worst salt tolerance. The 40 foxtail millet varieties were divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. Among them, the salt-tolerant varieties Rehejinmi, the salt-tolerant varieties 20-M919 and 20-M841, the moderately salt-tolerant varieties included Shanxihonggu, Yugu No.1 and Chenggu No.15, and the salt-sensitive varieties included 29 varieties such as Chengsi No.9, Chenggu No.20, and Chenggu No.14. The results provide a reference basis for foxtail millet planting in saline-alkali land.
To select the optimal light quality suitable for tissue culture seedlings of Abelmoschus esculentus, Wufu variety was used as experimental material, and a single factor randomized block design experiment was carried out. The terminal bud explants (1.5 cm) were inoculated on 1/2 MS basic medium. Under fluorescent (CK), blue (B), red (R), yellow (Y), green (G) and far red (FR) light irradiation, fresh sample weight, dry sample weight, root activity, photosynthetic pigment content such as chlorophyll a, antioxidant enzyme activity such as SOD and carbohydrate content such as sucrose were determined. The results showed that under each light quality treatment, the change trend of fresh weight and dry weight was consistent, and B treatment was the highest, which were 2.54 g and 0.46 mg, respectively. The root activity of seedlings under B treatment was the highest. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents of tissue culture seedlings treated with B were the highest, which were 1.09, 0.48, 1.47, and 0.38 mg/g, respectively, and the chlorophyll a/b contents under CK treatment were higher. The activities of SOD and POD in leaves were the highest under B treatment, which were 362.75 and 189.69 U/ (g·min), respectively. The contents of sucrose, starch, soluble sugar, and total soluble sugar in leaves were the highest under R treatment. In conclusion, monochrome blue light treatment can effectively improve the quality of fresh samples, dry samples, root activity, and photosynthetic pigment content in leaves; both monochrome red and blue light treatment can promote the accumulation of carbohydrates such as sucrose in leaves. Therefore, the monochromatic blue light can be used as the monochromatic light quality in vitro culture of Abelmoschus esculentus. This study provides references for the utilization of light in the rapid propagation of Abelmoschus esculentus in vitro.
To select excellent flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for planting in Wushan tobacco area, Yunyan 87 was selected as a control to evaluate and analyze three varieties, namely Zhongyan 300, Yunyan 301, and Yunyan 116, by selecting growth period, plant height and other agronomic traits, yield and other economic traits, chemical constituents such as nicotine and aroma quality.The results showed that, in terms of agronomic traits, compared with Yunyan 87, Zhongyan 300, Yunyan 301, and Yunyan 116 all had longer growth periods, better field growth and more effective leaves. Yunyan 116 had better waist leaf development, and the waist leaf length increased by 4.13% compared with CK. In terms of economic traits, Yunyan 116 had a high yield, average price and output value of tobacco leaves, and the proportion of high-grade tobacco leaves after roasting was 83.82%. In terms of tobacco quality, the nicotine content of Yunyan116 C3F grade tobacco was in the appropriate range, and the total sugar and reducing sugar content of tobacco leaves were better. Compared with Yunyan 87, the total sensory score of Yunyan 116 B2F grade was higher. In summary, Yunyan 116 has certain advantages in field growth, economic traits and tobacco quality, which is suitable for planting in Wushan tobacco area, and has a good production and application prospect.
To investigate the lipid-lowering effect of Lactobacillus gasseri on hyperlipemia mice, 30 mice were randomly divided into control group (ordinary diet +200 μL normal saline), hyperlipemia group (high-fat diet +200 μL normal saline) and Lactobacillus gasseri group (high-fat diet +1×109 CFU live Lactobacillus gasseri),cultivated for 14 days. The changes of body weight and fat mass of mice were monitored, and the levels of blood lipids and liver fat were detected. The results showed that, compared with the high-fat group, the body weight, fat mass, the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum, as well as the contents of TC and TG in liver of high-fat mice were decreased by the administration of live Lactobacillus gasseri. In conclusion, Lactobacillus gasseri can effectively regulate the lipid metabolism process of mice, improve the lipid abnormalities of hyperlipidemic mice, and show a good lipid-lowering effect.
To analyze the effects of different water flow velocities on the growth performance and behavior of fish, juvenile Sebastes schlegelii was selected as the research object. Growth performance indexes, such as specific growth rate and weight gain rate, personality characteristics such as bravery, exploration and activity, and anxiety were observed at 3 flow rates of 0 (control group), 1 and 2 BL/s, and the correlation among these indexes was analyzed.The results of growth performance showed that there were no significant differences in final body length, final body mass, specific growth rate and weight gain rate among all groups (P>0.05). In terms of personality characteristics, there were no significant differences in bravery and activity among the three groups (P>0.05). Among the exploratory indicators, the number of times surrounding strange objects in 2 BL/s group was significantly higher than that in 1 BL/s group and control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean distance between the three groups (P>0.05). Among the anxiety indicators, the number of fish entering the bright area did not reach the significant level among the three groups (P>0.05). The total time of fish in the bright area in 1 BL/s group was significantly higher than that in 2 BL/s group (P<0.05), while the total time of fish in the control group was not significantly different from that in the other two groups (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between exploration and activity of fish in control group(P<0.05). In the 1 BL/s group, exploration was negatively correlated with anxiety (P<0.05); in the 2 BL/s group, boldness was positively correlated with both exploratory and active activity (P<0.05), and exploratory and active activity were also positively correlated (P<0.05). In summary, water flow speed has no significant effect on growth performance, bravery and activity, but has some effect on exploratory and anxious behavior. Their personality traits were positively correlated; high flow rates (2 BL/s) may increase exploratory behavior, but at the same time increase anxiety. The results of this study are helpful to understand the behavioral response characteristics of fish to water flow speed, and provide references for improving the welfare of farmed fish.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a kind of Aflatoxin (AFs), which mainly exists in mouldy feed.To understand the research progress of exogenous compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects of AFB1, this paper describes the physicochemical properties of AFs and AFB1, as well as the metabolic detoxification process of AFB1 in vivo, and combs out 8 exogenous compounds that can alleviate AFB1 poisoning, such as curcumin, vitamin E and yeast selenium, and their mechanisms of action. AFs is a kind of toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The liver is the main target organ, which has strong carcinogenic, malformation and mutagenicity. Among them, AFB1 is the most toxic, which can cause oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, gene mutation and immune system damage, etc. In animals, it is mainly metabolized and detoxicated by enzymes such as CYP450s. The common mechanism of action of exogenous compounds such as curcumin is to inhibit or induce the activity of metabolic enzymes in vivo, change the metabolic rate and pathway of toxins, and alleviate the oxidative stress state of animals, so as to slow down the toxic effects of AFB1. This paper provides references for screening new detoxification drugs and clinical treatment of animal AFB1 poisoning.
To investigate the characteristics of simple repeat sequences (SSR) in the chloroplast genome of Spiraea cantoniensis Lour., based on the chloroplast genome sequences of Spiraea cantoniensis Lour. collected from GenBank databases, the chloroplast genome characteristics, scattered repeat sequences, and chloroplast microsatellites(cpSSR) features were analyzed using REPuter and MISA software. The results showed that the complete chloroplast genome sequence was 155 932 bp, and it is a typical tetrad structure; 43 interspersed repeat sequences were identified, with the most palindromic repeats and the least complementary repeats. A total of 57 cpSSR loci were identified on the chloroplast genome sequence, mainly distributed in the LSC region. There were 4 types of cpSSR repeat base compositions, namely mononucleotide, dinucleotide, tetranucleotide, and pentanucleotide. Among them, mononucleotide repeat sequences were the most numerous with 45, which accounted for 78.95% of the total repeat sequences, and pentanucleotide repeat sequences had the least, only 1, which accounted for 1.75% of the total repeat sequences. The length range of cpSSR was 10-19 bp, with the highest length being 10 bp, accounting for 43.86%; the copy number of cpSSR motifs in the chloroplasts of Spiraea cantoniensis Lour. varied from 3 to 19, with the most sequences having a copy number of 10, with 25, accounting for 43.86% of the total repeats. This experiment investigated the distribution patterns and characteristics of chloroplast microsatellites of Spiraea cantoniensis Lour., providing a reference for species identification, population genetics, and phylogenetic research of Spiraea.
To understand the research status and hot spots of forest tree seed orchards, the literature of forest tree seed orchards from 1962 to 2023 in CNKI database was retrieved, and quantitative analysis was carried out in terms of the annual publication volume, publication journals, fund programs, research institutions, key words, outburst words, and cited references frequency by using bibliometrics. The study showed that the attention to seed orchards has been increasing, and the annual number of published papers was on the rise, but the innovation and depth of the paper need to be strengthened in recent years. Journals with high volume of core libraries included Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), Research in Forestry Science, and Journal of Northeast Forestry University, etc. The fund projects mainly came from national research funds and provincial projects. Authors such as Zhang Hanguo, Zhang Zhen and Jin Guoqing had published many papers in the field of forest tree seed orchards research. The research institutions included the Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University and Huazhong Agricultural University. Combined with key words and emergent words, the results showed that Chinese fir, masson’s pine, and Chinese pine were the main tree species in the forest tree seed orchards, and the research contents focused on the genetic variation of growth traits and progeny measurement in the family and clonal lines. The literatures with high citation frequency mainly studied the genetic breeding and variation of forest tree seed orchards. In the future, we will further focus on genetic inheritance, genetic engineering, and other fields to carry out diversified breeding research, so as to provide references for forest tree seed orchards construction.
Using the method of field investigation and literature combination, according to the life type, flower color, flowering period, fruit color, fruit type, fruit season, and leaf color of wild woody flowers, fruits and leaves in Jigong Mountain were classified, and their quantity and application were analyzed. The results showed that there were 157 species of wild woody flowering plants in the area, most of which were shrubs and white flowers, mainly in spring. There were 50 species of fruit plants, including trees, red fruits, and stone fruits, which are mostly observed in autumn. There were 35 species of foliage plants, among which Aceraceae and Anacardiaceae were the most species, most of which were autumnal foliage species.Strategies for the development and utilization of wild woody ornamental plants had been proposed, including adapting to different places and trees, and strengthening the protection of germplasm resources. The research provides references for the application of local woody ornamental plants in the study area.
A solar greenhouse that had been continuously planting melons for many years was taken as the research object. The greenhouse soil was treated with no soil treatment (-RSD), corn stalk returning to the field + intensive reduction sterilization (RSD) and corn stalk returning to the field + no intensive reduction sterilization (CK), respectively, after the harvest of the previous crop. The basic indicators of the greenhouse soil before and after treatment (organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, and electrical conductivity), the number of root-knot nematodes, as well as the weight and sugar content of the subsequent melon crop were compared in the three treatments to investigate the effects of intensive reduction by irrigation on continuous cropping in solar greenhouse. The results showed that, compared with -RSD treatment, the content of soil organic matter in the (0, 20] cm soil layer treated with RSD was slightly increased, while available phosphorus, available potassium, and EC values all showed varying degrees of decrease. The nitrate nitrogen content in the (0, 40] cm soil layer significantly decreased, and the change in total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content were not obvious. The pH of soil treated with RSD and CK showed an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively, which was related to the balance between the consumption of H+ by denitrification and the production of organic acids from straw decomposition. Compared with -RSD treatment, root-knot nematodes in soil treated with RSD were effectively inhibited, and the elimination rate reached 79.6%. Compared with CK treatment, the weight of individual melons increased by 0.091 kg after the strong reduction treatment, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05), and the sugar content of the subsequent melon crop was significantly improved (P<0.05). This study provides a reference for large-scale demonstration and promotion of irrigation and strong reduction technology to promote the green and high-quality development of facility melon and vegetable crops.
Antagonistic strains of tobacco root black rot caused by Thielaviopsis basicola were isolated and screened from tobacco rhizosphere soil, and their antibacterial activity, morphological, biochemical, and molecular identification were conducted. The biocontrol effect of antagonistic strains was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that the antibacterial rate of BM-25 isolated from tobacco rhizosphere soil was 52.78%, which showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Based on the morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequence characteristics, BM-25 was initially identified as a Nocardiopsis strain，and named Nocardiopsis sp.BM-25. The bioactivity of strain BM-25 showed that it had the ability to solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and produced IAA, cellulolytic enzyme and amylase. The pot experiment results indicated that compared to the CK treatment, the strain BM-25 treatment increased the tobacco plant height by 49.72%, stem diameter by 44.53%, and the largest leaf area by 73.58%. The above results indicated that strain BM-25 had good biocontrol and growth promotion effects on tobacco, and could be used as a candidate genetic resource for the development of tobacco-specific bactericides.
The effects of conventional planting model cauliflower(T0) and organic planting models chili (T1),open-air chili (T2), maize (T3), and cauliflower (T4) on soil fast-acting nutrients and humus fractions in different soil layers were compared based on a long-term positioning experiment. The results showed that the organic planting pattern T3 had the highest average soil fast-acting nitrogen content, at 110.67 mg/kg, with the average content ranked as T3>T2>T1>T0> T4; the average soil fast-acting phosphorus content in patterns T2, T3, and T4 was all lower than T0, with the average content ranked as T1>T0>T2>T4>T3; T2 had the highest average soil fast-acting potassium content, at 275.13 mg/kg, with the average content ranked as T2>T3>T4>T1>T0; T3 had the highest average soil humic acid content, at 1.38 g/kg, with the average content ranked as T3>T2>T4>T1>T0; the average soil fulvic acid content of the four organic planting patterns was all lower than the conventional planting pattern, with the content ranked from high to low as T0>T4>T1>T3>T2. The average content of fast-acting nitrogen, fast-acting potassium, and humic acid in soil under organic planting model was higher than that under conventional planting model. There were correlations between soil humic acid and fast-acting potassium, fast-acting nitrogen and fast-acting potassium (P<0.05). In conclusion, organic planting can significantly improve soil fast-acting nutrients and humus components, and improve soil fertility.
To investigate the changes in active components and physicochemical characteristics in Pu-erh raw tea under different temperature storage conditions, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology was used to determine the content of 6 polyphenolic compounds, including GA, C, and EC, sa well as caffeine in Pu-erh raw tea under different temperature storage conditions (5, 20, and 35 ℃), and to detect the changes in tea color and pH value. The results showed that the separation of 7 compounds by this method was good, and the mass concentration range showed a good linear relationship with its peak area. The relative standard deviation of precision, stability, and repeatability were all less than 5%, and the average recovery rate was 99.45% to 100.96% (RSD was 0.08% to 1.99%); temperature storage conditions had no significant effect on the color of tea soup; the pH value shows fluctuating changes. The pH changes of tea soup under storage conditions of 5 and 20 ℃ were relatively gentle, while the change was more significant at 35 ℃; the content changes of the seven compounds showed a trend of first decreasing and then slowly increasing. In summary, HPLC method is simple, accurate, and has good reproducibility, and can simultaneously determine the content of GA, EC, EGCG, GCG, ECG, and caffeine components, and storing at 5-20 ℃ is more conducive to the stability of tea pH and compound content, providing a reference for the quality control of Pu-erh raw tea storage.
To analyze the effect of selenium-rich yeast on the physicochemical properties and flavor of blueberry wine during fermentation, an exogenous selenium supply method was used to determine the selenium enrichment ability of 4 types of yeast, such as AG1, AG2, and LM. The yeast with the best selenium enrichment effect was selected for blueberry wine fermentation, and the physicochemical indicators such as amino acid nitrogen, total acid, and pH of the fermentation broth were measured along with the main flavor compounds during the fermentation process. The results showed that AG2 (15 mg/L) had the best selenium enrichment effect, during the fermentation of blueberry wine, the contents of amino acid nitrogen and total acid in blueberry wine increased, and the highest contents were 6.2 and 7.6 g/L on the 20th day of fermentation, respectively; pH decreased slowly at first and then tended to be stable; at the initial stage of fermentation (2-6 d), the reducing sugar content in blueberry wine decreased rapidly, and then became stable. With the extension of fermentation time, the alcohol content of fermented liquor increased first and then remained unchanged, and the highest alcohol content was 13.8 %vol on the 10th day. There were some similarities and differences in the types and relative contents of the main flavor substances in the fermentation of blueberry wine inoculated with the yeast. Both of them used isoamyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2, 3-butanediol to exert flavor. The results provide references for further research on the mechanism of selenium enrichment in blueberry wine.
To explore the effects of different application rates of Hartz-Bacillus subtilis on the growth and development of Lilium davidii var. unicolor, as well as the accumulation of active substances in the bulbs, and to screen for the optimum application rate of Hartz-Bacillus subtilis for the high-quality production of L. davidii var. unicolor. Regarded L. davidii var. unicolor was uesd as material, on the basis of a defined organic fertilizer application rate of chicken manure, 1 blank control (CK) and 5 treatments of Hartz-Bacillus subtilis (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 kg/hm2) were constructed. The agronomic traits such as plant height and stem thickness of its and the content of polysaccharide, saponin, and other active substances in the bulb were analyzed by measuring the main agronomic traits of L. davidii var. unicolor and the content of active substances in the bulb under different treatments. The results showed that Hartz-Bacillus subtilis application accelerated the growth and increased the content of active substances of this plant. When applied at a rate of 75 kg/hm2, the agronomic traits showed good performance, with stem thickness, leaf number, chlorophyll content, and bulb circumference increasing by 22.21%, 22.11%, 18.16%, and 8.46%, respectively, compared to CK. The plant height was 1.37 times that of CK. In terms of the content of active substances in the bulbs, the polysaccharide and saponin content were highest when applied at a rate of 75 kg/hm2, increasing by 68.85% and 59.80% respectively compared to CK. The total phenolic content was highest when applied at a rate of 60 kg/hm2. Overall, in the cultivation of L. davidii var. unicolor, the optimal application rate of Hartz-Bacillus subtilis was 75 kg/hm2. The research results provide a reference for the application of microbial agents in high-quality cultivation of L. davidii var. unicolor.
In this study, 3 species of raspberry were used as test materials, such as Rubus eustephanus Focke ex Diels, Rubus fruticosus Pollich, and Rubus chingii Hu.Pollen viability at different development stages (flowering stage I, II, III, IV), different time periods (8:30, 10:30, 12:30, 14:30, 16:30), different drying conditions (natural drying method and silica gel drying method), and different storage conditions (4 and 20 ℃) were measured. The stigma receptivity of raspberry pollen at different developmental stages was determined.To screen out the appropriate pollen collection, treatment time, and storage conditions. The results showed that the best pollen collection period of raspberry was flowering stage Ⅲ, the best pollination period of hybridization was flowering stage Ⅲ, and the best emasculation period was flowering stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The pollen activity of raspberry decreased at noon, and the best time period was 12：30-14：30. The pollen viability of silica gel was better preserved after drying for 24 h. When the water content of Rubus eustephanus Focke ex Diels, Rubus fruticosus Pollich, and Rubus chingii Hu was 20.59%, 14.67% and 15.36%, respectively, the storage resistance was better, and could be stored for 90 days at -20 ℃. The results provide a reference for the work of hybridization and breeding of raspberry.
To cultivate the practical operation ability and innovative design thinking of Landscape major, the Three Major Components (plane composition, color composition, and three-dimensional composition) course of this major was taken as an example, guided by advanced design ability, the innovative ways of talent cultivation were analyzed, and their implementation effectiveness was explored. Innovative approaches included transforming teaching thinking and stimulating students’ learning motivation; implementing a collaborative education model between schools and enterprises, and constructing teaching content for three major modules: cognitive module, skill module, and practical module; applying information technology to build a digital teaching environment. In terms of the specific implementation of the innovation reform, under the “three module advanced” hybrid learning model, the teaching content was corresponding to the system process of the industry demand through the basic cognitive module, the intermediate design skills module and the high-level practical teaching module; built a digital teaching platform, utilized virtual simulation software to enhance immersive perception experience, and showcased design work results through information media. The practice of teaching reform showed that students’ advanced design ability had been significantly enhanced, and their competitive awareness, design level, and creative enthusiasm had been effectively stimulated and improved; significant results had been achieved in teaching and research, realized the promotion of education through training. To improve the quality of teaching in the field of Landscape major and cultivate composite talents with both profound academic literacy and practical abilities, this provides a reference.
To promote the connection between food production and market, focused on the development needs of the food industry, it was guided by the OBE concept and student-centered, the construction of the Food Inspection and Testing professional group was researched, and its practical effectiveness and characteristics were analyzed. In terms of professional group construction, professional resources from food inspection and testing technology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, and polymer material intelligent manufacturing technology were integrated, based on the needs of enterprises and the talent cultivation goals of professional groups, set up shared and separate courses for professional groups, and construct a professional group course system; driven by vocational skills competitions, integrating internal and external teaching resources, a professional group teaching team had been formed to keep up with the pace of vocational skills competitions and track the market’s skill requirements for talents. The integration of “industry, academia, research, and application” promotes technological innovation, focusing on new technologies, processes, and formats in the food industry such as green technology preservation and intelligent food processing. Product research and technological breakthroughs were carried out to provide innovative support for enterprise value-added empowerment. The practical results showed that the construction of this professional group had achieved precise alignment between educational achievements and industry demands, effectively enhanced students’ innovation and entrepreneurship abilities, the construction of teaching team echelon had been optimized, significant achievements had been made in the construction of professional groups, and fruitful results had been achieved in educational and teaching reforms. This article provides references for promoting the integrated development of talent cultivation, discipline construction, and scientific research, and assisting the green food industry in serving rural revitalization.
To adapt to the modernization of education and the rapid development of the agricultural industry, cultivate innovative and practical personnel talents, based on school-enterprise cooperation, the reform of enterprise participation in Agricultural Entomology course teaching was explored, and its practical effectiveness was analyzed. The reform approach included 3 aspects: enterprise participation in course design, participation in actual teaching, and utilization of enterprise online training resource libraries, enterprises participated in course design, collaborated with well-known biotechnology companies, and use their rich cases in biological control, integrated pest management, and other areas to update teaching content; enterprises provided teaching practice projects, and students participated in various stages of enterprise project planning, execution, and evaluation as project team members, interns, or assistant researchers, serving as an important supplement to the course teaching content. Enterprises participated in practical teaching offline, carried out teaching activities such as demonstration of the use of bumblebee products, display of bumblebee beehives, and demonstration of the use of small flower bugs. Through online teaching platforms, preview materials, homework, and extended reading were published. Fully utilize the online training resources of enterprises, introduce the latest industry cases and technological research progress, and enrich the curriculum teaching resource library. The practical results showed that through this teaching reform, the practicality of course teaching had been greatly improved. The year-end employment rate of Plant Protection major had exceeded 95% for two consecutive years. 98.6% of students believe that school-enterprise cooperation teaching model had improved learning effectiveness and teaching effectiveness had been significantly improved. Providing references for the teaching reform of agricultural entomology and similar courses.
To cultivate scientific and technological talents with practical ability and innovative consciousness, focused on the construction foundation of Fanjingshan Egg Chicken Science and Technology Academy from 3 aspects: teaching, scientific research cooperation, and service industry, the basic situation, professional master’s degree training model, and practical operation model of its construction status were analyzed. Based on this, the problems and development strategies in its construction were analyzed. This technology academy is a comprehensive science and technology academy that, through a school-enterprise cooperation model, enables professional master’s students to go deep into the egg chicken production base, meet the needs of agricultural safety production, adopt a mixed teaching method, and regularly invite enterprise technical experts to give special lectures and exchanges, shifting the focus of professional master’s student training from theoretical explanation to agricultural practice. In the process of development, the technology academy had some problems in 5 aspects: resource utilization, assessment system, technological innovation potential, team building, and industrial technology achievement transformation. In this regard, it was proposed to activate the potential of technology academy and promote their branding development; improve the assessment system and adopt diversified assessment indicators; promote industrial technological innovation, with a focus on providing scientific and technological innovation services such as research and development of egg chicken breeding technology; strengthen team building and establish feasible incentive and reward punishment mechanisms; deeply carry out industry university research cooperation projects, establish the “Fanjing Egg Valley” research and development center, and jointly apply for scientific research projects with schools and enterprises. Provide references for the construction of agricultural comprehensive science and technology academy in the field of rural development.
