为了解各水稻品种的特征特性,筛选出适宜长江中下游地区种植的高产优质水稻品种,本文以镇糯20、武育糯180等4个水稻示范品种,凯粳糯88、徽粳糯125和当禾糯908等12个水稻展示品种为研究对象,开展了水稻品种示范展示试验,比较分析了各参试品种的生育期、种植表现和产量水平。结果表明,各参试水稻品种在试验田当年气候条件下,抽穗时间8月26—28日,均在9月5日前安全齐穗,各品种种植表现良好,抗倒伏和抗病性较好;示范品种镇糯762和荃香糯3号产量较高,展示品种武香糯7368、凯粳糯88产量较高。综合各品种的生长特性和产量结果,品种镇糯762、荃香糯3号适宜在长江中下游地区推广种植。

This article introduced the breeding process and characteristic characteristics of Xuanjingnuo No.7, and summarized the high-yield cultivation techniques as a wheat stubble rice from two cultivation models: machine transplanting and live broadcasting. Xuanjingnuo No.7 was an early maturing and late maturing glutinous rice variety developed through systematic breeding using Xuanjingnuo No.1 as the female parent and Jingnuo 86120-5 as the male parent. It had characteristics such as tolerance to late sowing, strong stress resistance, and wide adaptability, and was suitable for machine transplanting and direct seeding as wheat stubble rice cultivation. The principle of high-yield cultivation was to promote strong stems, large panicles, and increased grain weight on the basis of sufficient effective panicles, in conjunction with disease, insect, and weed control. Specific measures include timely and appropriate sowing, scientific fertilizer and water management, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, and timely harvesting. Machine transplanting also requires uniform planting and dense planting, and sufficient planting of basic seedlings. The purpose was to provide reference for the promotion and planting of this variety.

To strengthen the rural talent team, improve agricultural production technology, industrial development capabilities, and farmers’ management and business abilities, the basic situation and training content of cultivating high-quality agricultural farmers in Fengyang County of Anhui Province was analyzed in the past 3 years (2021-2023), as well as the problems in resource allocation, actual needs, and cultivation effects. Based on the cultivation experience, a series of optimization measures were proposed. 7 institutions, including Agricultural Radio and Television School, Agricultural Science Research Institute, and local colleges, were responsible for cultivating and teaching in this area. The training courses were divided into 3 categories: professional production type, skill service type, and business management type. The training content includes business management, professional production, and skill service. The number of participants and training courses are increasing year by year, and the cultural quality of participants is improving year by year. Optimization measures includes optimizing resource investment and integrating institutions, matching training content and needs, evaluating the effectiveness of farmer training, increasing farmers’ participation and enthusiasm in training, strengthening the role of demonstration and leadership, improving the efficiency of fund utilization, optimizing training institutions, and strengthening the construction of teaching staff. The practical results showed that vigorously cultivating high-quality farmers is conducive to promoting rural economic development, increasing famers’ income.

This article combined the planting performance of the hybrid medium indica rice variety Weiliangyou 8612 in the demonstration area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and summarized and analyzed the intensive cultivation techniques of this variety. The planting of Weiliangyou 8612 in the demonstration area showed a suitable growth period, with upright leaves, compact plant shape, thick and robust stems that were resistant to lodging. During the mature stage, the straw was green and the seeds were yellow, with large panicles and many grains, resulting in higher yields. The intensive cultivation techniques for this variety include precise and precise sowing, precise soil preparation, scientific management of fertilizer and water, timely and appropriate drug control for diseases, pests, and weeds, as well as timely harvesting. The research results provided a reference for the promotion and planting of Weiliangyou 8612 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and similar regions.

Y Liangyou 919 is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety selected from Y58S as the female parent and R919 as the male parent，the characteristics of its parents and high-yield seed production techniques were introduced. Y58S is a widely adaptable rice photoperiod temperature sensitive sterile line with excellent compatibility and high breeding yield; R919 is a dominant recovery line with lodging resistance, disease resistance and strong coordination force. Y Liangyou 919 can be used for post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 300-500 meters in Northwest Fujian Province. The high-yield seed production techniques includes reasonable arrangement of the sowing time difference between the father and mother plants, with the father plant sowing in mid May and the mother plant sowing in mid June being suitable; choose fields that are windward and sunny, have convenient drainage and irrigation, and have a medium to high fertility level as seedling fields. Use appropriate sowing rates, soak seeds with disinfectants, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely and appropriate topdressing. Scientifically manage water and prevent diseases, pests, and weeds in a timely manner to cultivate strong seedlings; after harvesting tobacco leaves, timely plow and weed the fields, and transplant them, with a parent to child ratio of 1∶8; the full fertility period of the field, shallow water transplanting, inch water greening, thin water tillering, sufficient sun drying of seedlings, inch water booting, and dry and wet strong seeds should be achieved; apply sufficient basal fertilizer and apply appropriate topdressing according to the growth of the seedlings; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as rice sheath blight, rice leaf roller, and neck blight based on the actual situation in the field and local pest and disease monitoring; the ideal flowering period for seed production of this variety should meet the standard that the male parent’s initial flowering period is 2 days later than the female parent’s, and should be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual situation in the field; when the number of spikes reaches 25% to 30%, spray “920” plant growth regulator to ensure uniformity and pollination, and improve the fruiting rate; timely remove impurities and maintain purity, eliminate premature and abnormal plants; after the flowering is completed, promptly cut off the male parent and harvest 90% of the seeds in the field when they are ripe. This article provides references for high-yield seed production and promotion planting of hybrid rice.

A variety comparison experiment on 9 soybean varieties, including Zhengdou 196, Pudou 206, and Qihuang 34 was conducted in Nanyang City, Henan Province. The growth process, plant traits, seed traits, and yield were analyzed as indicators. The results showed that the top 5 varieties in terms of yield in the experimental field were Qihuang 34 (4 325.3 kg/hm²), Zhonghuang 37 (4 015.6 kg/hm²), Pudou 206 (3 871.2 kg/hm²), Zhoudou 46 (3 816.3 kg/hm²), and Zhonghuang 61(3 425.6 kg/hm²), with a total growth period of 110-117 days. In terms of plant type, except for Zhoudou 46 which was compact, the other four varieties were convergent. Except for Pudou 206 and Zhonghuang 37, which had sub limited pod setting characteristics, the rest had limited pod setting habits. In terms of seed characteristics, Zhoudou 46 had yellow round and brown navel seeds, while Qihuang 34 had yellow oval and black navel seeds. The other three varieties had yellow oval and brown navel seeds. Except for Qihuang 34, which had no luster, the other four varieties show a faint or glossy appearance. This indicates that the agronomic and yield structure factors of five varieties, including Zhengdou 196, are relatively coordinated and can be promoted for planting in the study area and similar ecological locations.

本文对二化螟的发生规律及其危害情况进行总结分析,提出了水稻二化螟的防治方法,为水稻生产中二化螟防治提供参考。该虫害二化螟发生具有主代危害重,二三代间歇性重发;区域间发生程度差异较大;危害时间较长,世代交替明显的特点。不同年份间二化螟发生程度受虫口基数、气候、二化螟抗药性及防治方法等因素影响。二化螟防治可采取农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和药剂防治等措施。其中农业防治包括调整结构,合理布局;翻耕灭茬,灌水灭蛹等措施;物理防治包括诱虫灯、性诱剂等措施;生物防治包括天敌、趋性等措施;药剂防治需要注意选择合适的防治时间、防治药剂和防治方法。

By comparing the phenological period and fruit quality of 10 blueberry varieties including Gulfcoast, Jubilee, and Will, the introduction performance of these varieties in Kaili, Guizhou Province, was investigated. The results showed that all tested varieties could bloom and bear fruit normally in the area, with good appearance quality, maturity, and taste and flavor of Will, Jubilee, Sweetheart, Onslow, and Vernon. Gulfcoast and Jubilee mature early and could fill the gap in the local market. Due to its red fruit and unique fragrance, Pink Lemonade could be grown in combination in tourist parks; Vernon and Onslow mature relatively late and had a sweet and sour taste, making them suitable for planting as late maturing varieties or for jam processing. The research results provided references for optimizing and adjusting the variety layout of blueberry industry in Kaili area.

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology plays an important role in modern forestry,The forestry construction practice was combined, the application of this technology in mordren forestry were summarized and analyzed. Its applications cover multiple aspects such as forest resource inventory and information management, forestry mapping, remote sensing image processing, forest logging design, afforestation planning and design, as well as forest fire and pest and diseases monitoring. In terms of forestry mapping, GIS technology has improved the accuracy and efficiency of mapping, providing strong support for forestry management. In addition, GIS technology also has functions such as data and image processing, providing important reference for forest logging and afforestation design. GIS technology also plays an irreplaceable role in forest protection and monitoring, especially in forest fire and pest monitoring, which can timely and accurately identify problems and take corresponding measures. In short, GIS technology has been widely applied in forestry production, providing scientific decision-making basis for forestry workers and promoting the development of modern forestry. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, GIS technology will play a more important role in forestry production.

In order to screen for high-quality and high-yield wheat stubble rice varieties suitable for promotion and cultivation in the southwestern region of Anhui, this study selected 12 varieties, including Longliangyou 8612 and Longliangyou 5438, and one control variety (Fengliangyou No.4) for variety comparison experiments. Comparative analysis was conducted from the aspects of growth period, agronomic traits, resistance, yield and yield composition factors. Four varieties with moderate growth period, good lodging resistance, and high yield and coordinated yield components were selected under the climatic conditions of that year, namely Quanyou 1606 (yield: 9 758.3 kg/hm²), Quanyou 822 (yield: 9 586.2 kg/hm²), Huiliangyou 898 (yield: 9 568.9 kg/hm²), and Yinliangyou 606 (yield: 9 368.9 kg/hm²), which could be promoted and planted as wheat stubble rice varieties in the region of research.

In order to screen suitable new rice varieties for cultivation in the southwestern region of Anhui province, this study compared the growth period, planting performance, and yield of 24 rice varieties including Y Liangyou 9826. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 120-138 days, with most varieties having a growth period of 130 days. The effective panicle number was 2.01 million to 3.303 million/hm², and the seed setting rate was 70.4% to 92.8%; the actual yield of each variety was 7 851.0-12 426.0 kg/hm². Based on the growth performance of various varieties, the selected varieties, Linliangyou 1771, Quanyou 879, Wanfengyou 818, Weiliangyou 8612, and Jingliangyou 8612 had high yields and good comprehensive characteristics, and could be promoted as new rice varieties in the region.

In order to screen of high yield and quality as well as adaptable fresh corn varieties suitable for planting in southern Anhui Province, 16 experimental fresh corn, test varieties, such as Chuangtian and Xiangtiannuo 828 and two control varieties, Yuetian and Fengnuo 2146, were compared and analyzed for indexes in terms of growth period, main agronomic characters,stress resistance and yield in the southern Anhui Province. The results showed that in terms of the entire growth period, the tested varieties had a total growth period of 77-87 days. In terms of variety resistance, Cuimi 90 had average lodging and disease resistance, while Quantian 58 and Kenuo had average disease resistance. In terms of yield, Longpingtian 1502 in the sweet corn group increased by 13.40% compared to the control group, while Ditiannuo , Fengnuo 211, Caitiannuo 1703, Tianfunuo and Dongtiannuo 100 in the glutinous corn group increased by 17.92%, 19.52%, 10.7%, 26.65%, and 17.81% compared to the control group, respectively. These six corn varieties had better comprehensive performance, good agronomic traits, good resistance, and high yield, and were suitable for promotion and planting in southern Anhui Province.

Huixiangjing 977 is a japonica rice variety selected from Zhendao 14 as the female parent and Wuxiangjing 14 as the male parent. It was approved for variety review in 2022. This article analyzed the breeding process,agronomic characteristics, production performance,and main cultivation techniques of Huixiangjing 977. Huixiangjing 977 has the advantages of high-quality taste, high yield,large panicle,excellent comprehensive traits, and wide adaptability, making it suitable for planting in single season and double season late japonica rice regions in Anhui Province. The principles of high-yield cultivation techniques are to stabilize the foundation, compete for sufficient panicles, attack large panicles, improve grain weight and seed setting rate, in order to obtain higher quality and yield. The results provide a reference for the promotion and application of this variety.

In order to screen the yeast used for fermentation of blueberry wine, TTC staining method and Duchenne tubule fermentation method were used to screen the yeast on the surface of blueberry fruits in this study, the screened bacterial strains were identified by molecular biology and their growth curves were determined. Culture temperature, initial pH, glucose, ethanol and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) were used as influencing factors. The fermentation performance was investigated. The results showed that 16 yeast strains were isolated and purified from the surface of blueberry fruit, and 1 yeast strain ZL01 was selected, which was suitable for the subsequent tests. The strain ZL01 was identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum by molecular biological identification and phylogenetic tree analysis. The fermentation performance results showed that the optimum growth temperature and pH of strain ZL01 were 28 ℃ and 5, respectively. The strain could grow at pH 2 or 38 ℃, and could tolerate 250 g/L glucose, 9% ethanol, and 250 mg/L SO₂. In conclusion, strain ZL01 has the potential to be applied to the fermentation of blueberry wine.

The characteristics, suitable planting areas, cultivation techniques, and high-yield seed production techniques of Quanxiangyou 89 were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. This variety is planted in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and exhibits characteristics such as suitable growth period, excellent rice quality, and high-yield; it is suitable for planting in areas with low incidence of rice blast disease, such as Pingba hilly rice growing areas in Sichuan Province and mid to low altitude indica rice growing areas in Yunnan Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques include early sowing in time and cultivating multi-tiller seedling; heavy application of bottom fertilizer, timely topdressing; dry and wet alternate pipe water and timely pest control. High-yield seed production techniques include post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 250-500 meters; according to the different seed production seasons, ensure that the parental sowing difference period is between 6.5 and 7.5 leaves; soaking seeds with pesticides, spraying paclobutrazol, etc., to promote the health, dwarfism, and multiple tillering of seedlings; arranging a parent to parent ratio of 1∶8; managing fertilizer and water according to the growth of seedlings in the field; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as neck blight and rice planthopper based on actual field investigations and local pest and disease reports; adopting the method of young ear peeling to predict flowering period, it is advisable to use the same period as the parents in the early stage of young ear differentiation; spraying gibberellin when the panicle reaches 15%; pay attention to removing impurities and maintaining purity throughout the entire seed production process; harvesting begins when 75% of the seeds are ripe and dried promptly after harvesting. This article provides references for the demonstration and promotion of high-yield seed production techniques for Quanxiangyou 89.

Under the background of rural revitalization, the role of digital agriculture in promoting agricultural economic development was analyzed, including reducing agricultural production costs, improving agricultural product quality, enhancing agricultural product circulation efficiency, promoting industrial integration, and improving rural governance level. The current development status of digital agriculture were analyzed in three aspects: agricultural infrastructure, agricultural talent team, and digital agriculture technology. The effective ways for the development of digital agriculture were explored, including strengthening the construction of network information technology infrastructure, establishing a comprehensive digital agriculture industry chain system, cultivating versatile talents, and enhancing technology research and development as well as promotion and application. Intended to promote rural economic development, improve living standards, and boost rural industrial development through digital agricultural technology.

The rice variety Yongliangyou 206 was developed by crossbreeding 7-163S with Guifei Xiangzhan. It has a compact plant shape, upright leaf posture, and vigorous growth trend. The rice variety meets the second level standard of NY/T 593-2013 “Quality of Edible Rice Varieties”. Good anti overturning and heat resistance. In the regional trials from 2020 to 2021, the average yield of this variety was 9 325.6 kg/hm², the average yield of the production trial in 2022 was 8 953.8 kg/hm². This variety has comprehensive characteristics such as high yield, excellent rice quality, delicious taste, and strong resistance, it can be promoted and planted in the first season rice area and similar areas in Anhui Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques for its include strict selection and soaking of seeds, ensuring the achievement of functional panicles, constructing a population with high yield and suitable harvest time, etc. The efficient seed production techniques include safe seed production, flower time adjustment and germination rate increased. The research results provide reference for seed production and promotion of planting of this variety.

To explore the application value of Taraxacum mongolicum in medicine, the application and pharmacological progress of Taraxacum mongolicum external application preparation and its compound by reviewing the literature were summarized and analyzed. The results indicated that Taraxacum mongolicum preparations could be applied externally for the adjuvant treatment of breast pain, phlebitis, frostbite, and postoperative soft tissue skin infections; compound Taraxacum mongolicum could be used by injection or oral administration for the adjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, tonsillitis, bronchitis, and mastitis. Taraxacum mongolicum had pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, blood lipid clearance, and liver protection. Taraxacum mongolicum has abundant germplasm resources and diverse pharmacological components, which could be promoted and applied in clinical practice, both externally and orally.

The development of arable land reserve resources is one of the important guarantee for implementing the arable land protection system and balancing the occupation and compensation of actual arable land. This article uses the CiteSpace software system to analyze the current research status and context of the field of arable land reserve resources and clarifying future development trends. The result showsed that the research on arable land reserve resources focused on the protection and development of agricultural resources and land planning and utilization,with close academic cooperation in a small scope and less cross regional cooperation and exchange. Suitability evaluation, land development, and balance of occupation and compensation were the main research hotspots. The development process of research was divided into three stages: budding exploration, fluctuating development, and stable maturity. The research on potential evaluation and development protection runs through the development process, with cutting-edge development mainly focused on comprehensive land improvement, strengthening land transformation and utilization technology, and adhering to ecological sustainability and high-quality development. Future research should strengthen the exploration of marginal land potential, deepen development evaluation and theoretical system construction,strengthen the application of geographic information technology and ecological restoration technology research, and actively explore effective ways to achieve national spatial governance and food security through land consolidation.

In order to accurately improve forest quality, Shunhai State-owned Forest Farm had implemented a forest quality precision improvement project based on geographical location conditions and current forest quality status. Based on project practice, this article summarized and analyzed the basic workflow, and benefit of the forest quality precision improvement project. This project included two aspects: timber harvesting and afforestation. The timber harvesting work included pre harvesting publicity and confirmation of harvesting boundaries, timber marking and logging, timber returning and post harvesting cleaning, etc. Forest construction work included tree species selection and configuration, seedling quality control, planting process measures, and construction organization. The implementation of the project could generate certain ecological, economic, and social benefits, which had a positive effect on improving the ecological environment of the project area, improving the quality of trees, and promoting local economic development.

The effects of green manure on soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties, corn yield, and quality were summarized and analyzed, based on relevant literature and work practice. By rolling or intercropping green manure crops, the organic matter and microbial content in the soil can be increased, its physical and chemical properties can be improved, and its water and fertilizer retention capacity can be enhanced; The application of green manure can promote the growth of corn, increase its grain yield, and also have a certain promoting effect on its quality traits such as amino acids and proteins. Different types of green manure have different effects on soil physical and chemical properties and corn growth. Suitable green manure crops should be selected based on soil fertility conditions, production goals, etc. to improve the yield and quality of corn.

本研究以大豆皖黄506品种为试验材料,设计不同播期和密度试验,从农艺性状、经济性状和产量品质等方面分别对其进行对比分析。结果表明,播期、密度均对大豆的产量产生影响,皖黄506的产量随着播期延迟呈现先增加后降低的趋势;随着密度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势。密度对皖黄506的粗蛋白含量影响不明显,但其粗蛋白含量随着播期的延迟呈现逐渐降低的趋势。综合各处理产量及品质等相关性状,皖黄506在皖西南地区种植的适宜播期为6月11—21日,种植密度为22.5万~25.5万株/hm²。

为加强对研究区农业气象强对流天气发生发展情况的分析和研究,利用高空观测中的位势高度、风向风速和温度等常规观测资料,地面自动站逐小时降水、风向风速及露点温度等地面加密资料,以及雷达回波等实况资料,对2023年6月11日研究区强对流天气的大气环境特征与触发机制进行分析。结果表明：（1）在500 hPa副高偏弱,受东部沿海低槽的槽后西北风拟制的情况下,中低层无明显辐合系统和低空西南急流,而在有利的不稳定层结、能量条件和触发机制共同作用下,研究区仍有可能出现强对流天气。由于中低层无明显辐合系统和低空西南急流,水汽输送和辐合条件较差,导致强降水的范围不大、强度较弱。（2）受高空500 hPa东部沿海低槽的槽后西北气流影响,高空有弱冷平流,低层有弱暖平流,为强对流天气的发生提供了一定的环流条件。本次强对流天气主要是由强烈的热力不稳定和对流触发条件造成的,对流有效位能达2 593.1 J/kg、对流稳定度指数Δθ_se850-500为17.8 ℃、K指数37.5 ℃、沙氏指数SI为-3.16 ℃、抬升指数LI达-7.38 ℃、下沉对流有效位能DCAPE达1 145.5 J/kg,有利于雷雨大风天气的发生。而动力不稳定条件较差,垂直风切变较弱,因而大冰雹不容易生成。（3）本次强对流天气是由地面中尺度辐合线,低层850、925 hPa和地面干线,925 hPa和地面湿舌等共同触发而产生的,其中850、925 hPa和地面的露点温度梯度分别达5.5、3.9和6.6 ℃/100 km。目的在于为后续的强对流天气预警预报提供参考。

To investigate the heat tolerance of three varieties Ziqi, Zishu and Nichang of Melastoma candidum. The leaves were used as materials to determine the epidermal morphology, the rate of cell injury was determined after heating in a water bath at room temperature, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 ℃ for 15 minutes, semi-lethal temperatures were determined by logistic equations and analysed by affiliation function. The results showed that, the semi-lethal high temperatures of Nichang, Zishu and Ziqi were 58.97, 57.81 and 57.05 ℃ respectively, and the integrated values of the affiliation function were 2.436, 2.305 and 1.184 respectively. Taken together, the three Melastoma candidum varieties all possessed a certain degree of heat resistance, and the comprehensive ranking of heat resistance was Nichang > Zishu > Ziqi.

Biochar is a kind of solid carbon material produced by high temperature pyrolysis, mainly composed of carbon elements. It possesses characteristics of being sturdy, stable, and having high porosity. Currently, biochar can be applied to the treatment of heavy metals and organic pollutants in water bodies, as well as in soil for purposes including pH regulation, soil improvement, carbon sequestration, pollution control, and enhancement of agricultural production. The factors affecting the adsorption performance of biochar and the application of biochar in soil were reviewed, and the more reasonable application of biochar in soil was prospected. The main factors affecting the adsorption properties of biochar include raw material type, pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, pH, dosage and modification methods. The application of biochar in soil mainly includes improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil, provide nutrients and promote plant growth, etc.

为探索推广烟稻轮作高效栽培技术,本研究结合皖南地区烟和水稻的周年栽培生产实践,总结了烟稻轮作模式中品种选择、地块选择、生产管理和采收等栽培技术要点。其中栽培地块应选择水源充足、排灌方便且交通便利的连片地块;烟品种应选择优质抗病品种,水稻品种可选择生育期较短、抗病性强的籼型杂交稻品种;烟生长过程中需注意水肥管理、揭膜培土、打脚叶、打顶和病虫害防治等栽培管理措施;水稻生产过程中需注意水肥管理、病虫草害防治等栽培管理措施;烟叶分级收获后及时烘烤保存;水稻一般10月中下旬收获,收获后及时深翻晒田,为下茬烟草栽培做准备。研究结果为该地区烟稻轮作高效栽培技术示范推广以及烟和水稻的规模化生产提供了参考。

Based on the current breeding status of potatoes, the aspects that need further improvement, and corresponding development strategies and suggestions were summarized and analyzed. At present, potato breeding was mainly based on its asexual reproduction characteristics, which had the advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, and ensuring the purity of potato seeds. Meanwhile, it was necessary to do a good job in potato seed potato detoxification, pest control, and field management. In the breeding process, it was necessary to further improve the collection of potato variety resources, the production capacity of seed potatoes, the production technology of seed potatoes, the quality of virus-free seed potatoes, and the processing capacity of potato products. Development strategies for potato breeding work were proposed, including establishing a good breeding environment, scientifically introducing potato varieties, innovating potato breeding methods, and innovating production equipment and technology, to provide references for promoting the standardized and rational development of the potato industry.

为进一步示范推广新品种,本文从不同种植年份不同月份平均绿叶数、不同种植年份不同月份平均根颈粗、不同种植年份4月平均株高、不同种植年份4月平均一次分枝数、不同种植年份平均有效角果数及平均产量、不同种植年份病害冻害发生率等角度,对油菜品种德核杂油8号在研究区连续移栽种植5年（2018—2023年）的种植情况进行分析。结果表明,甘蓝型杂交油菜品种德核杂油8号在研究区移栽种植的5年间性状表现稳定,抗病抗冻能力表现优异,产量适宜,可以引进育苗移栽种植并大面积推广。

In order to explore the planting performance of different rice varieties under different microclimate conditions in the low altitude areas of Eastern Guizhou Province, 51 rice varieties including Chuanguyou 1378 were selected to conduct display experiments in Tangtou base in the west and Bahuang base in the east of Tongren City, Guizhou Province. The growth period, planting performance, and yield indicators of each rice variety were analyzed. The results showed that microclimate differences had an impact on rice planting performance and yield, and the changes in growth period were influenced by the three-dimensional climate of the planting area and related to variety adaptability; There were differences in planting performance such as plant height and panicle length among different rice varieties, among which the seed setting rate was lower in the western base than in the eastern base. The measured yield of 43 exhibited varieties in the western base was higher than that in the eastern base, with an increase of 9.0-7 047.0 kg/hm². The yield of 7 varieties planted in the western base was lower than that in the eastern base, with a decrease of 60.0-3 979.5 kg/hm². Based on the performance of various varieties in terms of growth period, agronomic traits, and yield, it was selected that Jiuyou 27 Zhan, Yixiangyou 800, and Zhongjiuyou 2 were suitable for promoting planting in the low altitude western region of Eastern Guizhou Province, Jingliangyou 1206, Jingyou 312, Weiliangyouyuzhan, and Aofuyou 287 were suitable for promoting planting in the low altitude eastern region of Eastern Guizhou Province.

Tourism meteorological services are an important guarantee for the safe development of the tourism industry. Based on the meteorological data from the Changbai Mountain Tianchi Meteorological Station, climate diagnostic analysis methods was used to analyze the variation characteristics of temperature, precipitation, precipitation days, and sunshine hours in the region from 1961 to 2023. The results showed that the temperature during the tourism season from June to September on Changbai Mountain shows an upward trend, with a linear tendency rate of 0.22 ℃/10 a. A temperature mutation occurred in 1993 to 1994, and after the mutation, the average temperature increased by 0.8 ℃. The linear trend of rainfall during the tourism season was stable, with an average precipitation of about 980 mm. The number of precipitation days showed an overall significant decreasing trend, with a linear tendency rate of -1.7 d/10 a. A mutation in the number of precipitation days occurred in 1996 to 1997, after which the average number of precipitation days during the tourism season decreased by 8 days. From 1997 to 2023, the number of precipitation days turned to an upward trend, with a linear tendency rate of 7.4 d/10 a. In the 21st century, the average number of precipitation days during the tourism season was around 68 days, accounting for 55.7% of the tourism season. The trend of change in sunshine hours during the tourism season was not significant, with a linear tendency rate of -3.2 h/10 a. The increase in temperature had extended the duration of the tourism season in the region, with the start of the tourism season potentially advancing to the middle and late May, and the end of the season possibly extending to the early and middle October. Excessive rainfall magbe a major safety hazard for scenic area tourism, and a high number of precipitation days had an adverse effect on tourists activities. This research provide a reference for the Changbai Mountain scenic area to improve the quality of tourism meteorological services and ensure tourism safety.

The current distribution of zinc content in farmland soil, the impact of zinc on the nutritional quality of wheat grains, the absorption and accumulation characteristics of zinc by wheat, and the ways to enhance zinc nutrition in wheat grains were summarized and analyzed. The distribution pattern of zinc content in soil was closely related to topography, geological structure, and ecological environment. In some wheat producing areas, the zinc content in soil is relatively low. Zinc is an important trace element that affects the starch and protein content of wheat grains. It was generally absorbed by plant roots and transported to the aboveground part under pressure or transpiration, or horizontally transported to the phloem, where it was transported upwards or downwards and then transported to various tissues and organs. The ways to enhance zinc in wheat include genetic improvement breeding, agronomic improvement, and application biotechnology. The research results provide some new ideas for zinc-rich wheat breeding.

The practical application of smart agricultural technologies was explored in agricultural planting, production management, and other aspects in agricultural production. The effectiveness of the development of smart agriculture with Yunnan Plateau characteristics were analyzed, including the gradual elongation of the agricultural industry chain, significant effects of modular management, and outstanding achievements in independent innovation. The areas that need further improvement was explored in infrastructure construction, key technology research and development, and professional talent reserve for the development of smart agriculture. Taking tobacco, flowers, coffee, tea, and seed industries as research objects, the development strategies of key industries were analyzed in high-altitude smart agriculture, including the application of Internet of Things technology to develop the tobacco industry, the application of industrial Internet of Things technology to develop the flower industry, the construction of a traceable system to develop the tea and coffee industries, and the rational utilization and protection of seed industry resources. This article provided references for promoting the transformation, upgrading, and industrialization development of plateau characteristic agriculture, and promoting the revitalization of rural industries.

To screen out the most efficient combination of control agents for the prevention and control of wheat diseases in the middle to late stages, 7 new agents such as 18.7% propyrimidin suspension（Yangsui） and 6 conventional agents such as 50% benzoyl propiconazole aqueous emulsion（Yingyue） were applied at jointing booting stage, heading and flowering stage and blooming stage, respectively, with no application of drugs as blank control. The prevention and control effects of Fusarium head blight in the middle to late stage of wheat were investigated, and the safety and yield of wheat were observed. The results showed that each treatment combination was safe for wheat growth under experimental doses, had good control on scab, powdery mildew and rust in the middle to later stages of wheat, and had good yield increase effect. Among them, the T₂ treatment (Jointing and booting stage used Yangsui 750 mL/hm²+ Licheng 300 mL/hm²+ Alika 150 mL/hm²+ Yishibang 750 mL/hm²; Heading and flowering used Maitian 900 mL/hm²+ Maitian partner 600 mL/hm²+ Alika 150 mL/hm²+ Yishiduojin 750 mL/hm²; Flowering used Maitian 900 mL/hm²+ Maitian partner 600 mL/hm²+ Yishiduojin 750 mL/hm²) had the best control effect and the highest wheat yield. In conclusion, different agents were used in the common areas of wheat Fusarium head blight could effectively control wheat disease and delay the development of its drug resistance.

In order to clarify the relationship between different precipitation patterns and nitrogen uptake and transport in wheat plants, and to explore efficient production technology paths for different crop types, this experiment investigated the effects of different precipitation patterns and crop types on nitrogen uptake and utilization, transport characteristics, and nitrogen efficiency in wheat plants at the experimental demonstration base of the Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Henan Province for two consecutive years. The results showed that the high water year was more conducive to the absorption of nitrogen by wheat plants after soybean cropping compared to the low water year, improving the accumulation of nitrogen in wheat plants and promoting the transport of nitrogen accumulated after flowering to the grains. Both soybean and peanut stubble could increase the nitrogen content of wheat plants compared to corn stubble, which was beneficial for nitrogen accumulation in wheat plants, promoting the transfer of nitrogen from leaves, stems and sheaths to grains, improving the pre flowering nitrogen transport and nitrogen transfer rate of wheat plants, and ultimately increasing the nitrogen efficiency and yield of wheat grains. The nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency of wheat plants with different crop types could be significantly improved in the year of abundant water compared to the year of insufficient water. Under different precipitation year types, both soybean and peanut stubbles can promote nitrogen absorption in wheat plants, which is beneficial for nitrogen accumulation and transportation to the grains after flowering, thereby increasing grain yield and ultimately improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat plants. In low water years, soybean stubble has a better effect, while peanut stubble has a better effect in high water years.

为了研究滴灌对甘薯产量和品质的影响,本研究分析了常规肥水管理（对照）和水肥一体化（滴灌）对砂质土栽培甘薯的生长、产量及品质方面的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,滴灌能促进甘薯前期地上部快速生长,结薯期薯块生长速度,薯块鲜重和干重均明显高于对照;滴灌种植的甘薯产量比对照增加44.91%;薯块淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量高于对照,粗纤维低于对照。研究结果为砂地实施滴灌栽培甘薯提供了参考。

In order to screen suitable soybean varieties for the promotion of corn and soybean strip composite planting model, this experiment adopted a “4+4 planting model” (4 rows of corn+4 rows of soybean), with 5 treatments repeated 3 times, namely T₁ (Ningdou No. 6), T₂ (Zhonghuang 318), T₃ (Chengdou No. 6), T₄ (Tiefeng 31), and T₅ (Liaodou No. 15). The corn variety was Xianyu 1225, and the growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and economic benefits of each treatment of soybean were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the soybean growth period of each treatment was between 143 and 145 days, and the T₄ treatment performed the best in agronomic traits such as plant height and bottom pod height. The number of beans per plant was higher in T₄ and T₂ treatments, with 49.36 and 48.55 seeds respectively. The highest yield was observed in T₄ treatment (1 384.65 kg/hm²), followed by T₂ treatment (1 296.60 kg/hm²). The trend of economic benefits and yield changes was consistent, with T₄ treatment being the highest. Based on the performance of various varieties, the soybean variety Tiefeng 31 was selected as a high-quality soybean variety suitable for promotion and planting in the study area as a belt shaped composite planting model for corn and soybean.

8 rice varieties, including LQ183, LQ189 and LQ192 were used as materials, the artificial simulation of seed aging method (temperature 43℃, humidity 99%) was adopted, to investigate the changes in leaching conductivity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and single nucleotide content of aged rice seeds, and investigate the effects of artificial aging treatment on their physiological and biochemical characteristics. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the conductivity of rice seed leachate with different aging treatment days (P<0.01), and the conductivity of the leachate gradually increased with the extension of aging days; The POD enzyme activity showed different trends with the extension of aging days, but ultimately showed a decreasing trend; The content of single nucleotide did not show a significant linear relationship with the extension of aging treatment days; With the gradual extension of aging days, seed vitality gradually decrease, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) inside the seeds will gradually increase; The trend of soluble protein content in rice seeds varies among different varieties, with some varieties showed an increase followed by a decrease, while others showed a decrease followed by an increase; The soluble sugar content of rice seeds was on the rise. It was found that the conductivity of the leachate, MDA content, and soluble sugar content of seed leachate could be important indicators for evaluating the quality and storage tolerance of rice seeds.

To investigate the absorption and utilization of fertilization between single season rice fields under different fertilization methods, Guanliangyouhuazhan was used as the material, 9 different fertilization treatments were set up (PK, conventional fertilization nitrogen free zone; NK, conventional fertilization in phosphate free areas; NP, conventional fertilization in potassium free areas; NPK, conventional fertilization in the entire application area; PK1, deep lateral fertilization in nitrogen free areas; NK1, deep lateral fertilization in phosphate free areas; NP1, deep lateral fertilization in potassium free areas; NPK1, deep lateral fertilization in the entire application area; blank area, no fertilization), to determine the effects of each treatment on rice agronomic traits, yield, and fertilizer utilization efficiency. The results showed that under the same fertilizer type and quantity conditions, the ear length, total number of grains per ear, and seed setting rate in the mechanical side deep fertilization area were higher than those in the conventional fertilization area. The NPK1 treatment had the highest plant height, ear length, total number of grains per ear, and seed setting rate. Compared with conventional fertilization, mechanical side deep fertilization had increased grain yield at the same fertilization level; the highest grain and stem leaf yield was achieved with NPK1 treatment. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in conventional fertilization were 36.95%, 31.07%, and 42.50%, respectively, while the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in mechanical side deep fertilization were 45.18%, 38.59%, and 49.99%, respectively. Overall, the application of mechanical side deep measurement for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application can achieve higher rice yields and higher fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Liangyou 7871 is a hybrid rice variety developed by crossbreeding 178S and R71, characterized by early maturity, lodging resistance, high quality, high yield, and stable production. The breeding process, characteristics, high yield cultivation, and seed production techniques of this variety were summarized and analyzed. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2016 to 2017, this variety had a full growth period of 130 days, an average yield of 9.51 t/hm², excellent appearance quality, good palatability, and good disease resistance. High yield cultivation techniques focused on cultivating strong seedlings, controlling ineffective tillers, striving for effective panicle numbers, promoting large panicles, improving seed setting rates, and emphasis was placed on preventing and controlling rice blast disease, rice planthopper, and other diseases. The key points of seed production technology included reasonable arrangement of sowing time, cultivation of strong seedlings, reasonable planting density, strengthening field management, and skillful spraying of gibberellic acid plant growth regulator. The research results provided references for the cultivation of this variety as a mid season rice, wheat stubble live broadcast, nice and regenerated rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Based on the planting practice of Dendrobium officinale, the common diseases and pests and its prevention measures were summarized and analyzed in the process of artificial planting of this plant from the aspects of occurrence patterns, harmful symptoms, and prevention and control measures. The common diseases in the research area were divided into infectious diseases (anthracnose, soft rot, root rot, leaf spot disease, etc.) and non infectious diseases. Infectious diseases could spread and were mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Non infectious diseases could not spread between plants, mainly due to improper cultivation management and other reasons. Common pests that cause significant damage included slugs, snails, spider mites, aphids, and scale insects. Based on the characteristics of different diseases and pests, comprehensive control measures such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control had been proposed, providing references for further improving the product quality of artificial cultivation of Dendrobium officinale.