Lasioderma serricorne is a common pest in tobacco leaf processing and cigarette production. In order to understand the occurrence and damage characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and take appropriate prevention and control measures for different scenarios, the research progress on the biological characteristics, damage, monitoring and control methods of Lasioderma serricorne were reviewed. The results showed that the reproductive generation and peak activity period of Lasioderma serricorne varied in different regions. The degree of damage in southern regions was higher than that in northern regions, and the degree of damage in high quality tobacco was higher than that in low quality tobacco. The methods for pest monitoring included manual statistics based on traps, image recognition, and electronic nose monitoring. There were 3 methods for the prevention and control of pest: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Physical control included low-temperature treatment, high temperature treatment, vacuum conditioning, controlled atmosphere treatment, microwave treatment, and ultraviolet light trapping. Chemical control included fumigation, hormones, chemical insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and plant essential oils. Biological control included bacterial control, fungal control, parasitic natural enemy control, RNA interference technology, and attractant. The research provides references for the integrated control of tobacco beetle.

The planting performance of Zhuliangyou 5298 was combined in Anqing City, Anhui Province area, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. From 2022 to 2024, this variety was planted in 12 demonstration sites, including Wangjiang County in Anqing City, with an upright and upward curved plant shape; the growth period was 130-136 days, with an average seed setting rate of 85.77%, a thousand grain weight of 24.1 g, and a yield of 8 280-9 000 kg/hm²; good polished rice yield and excellent rice quality; strong anti lodging ability. Its high yield cultivation techniques include early sowing (sowing and seedling cultivation from late April to mid May), timely transplanting, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the soil of the seedling field moist, applying “weaning fertilizer” (urea 60-75 kg/hm²) according to the growth of the seedlings, and timely prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests such as rice thrips and bakanae disease; select high speed rice transplanter operation based on seedling quality, planting time, etc., inspect and debug the transplanting machinery according to the settings, determine the planting distance, seedling amount, and depth; timely weed control (spraying pesticides such as butachlor for soil sealing, spraying pesticides such as butazone for stem and leaf control during the seedling stage, and spraying pesticides such as 30% propiconazole for sealing throughout the field after the seedlings); heavy application of base fertilizer (45% compound fertilizer 450-600 kg/hm²), early application of tillering fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm²), and supplementary application of ear fertilizer (potassium chloride 112.5-150.0 kg/hm²); shallow water seedling planting, deep water live planting, alternating dry and wet conditions to promote tillering; appropriate pesticides should be used during the growth period of the field to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and sheath blight. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety in similar regions.

To screen high yield, high quality, and stress resistant rice varieties suitable for promotion and planting in the Western Anhui rice region, 24 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019 and Chufengyoujingxiangsi Miao were conducted in the high standard farmland demonstration area of Jin’an District, Lu’an City, Anhui Province. The comprehensive evaluation included their growth duration, resistance performance, yield, and field growth performance. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was between 121 to 133 days; no varieties showed symptoms of leaf blast, neck blast, white leaf blight, sheath blight, or rice blast disease, and some varieties experienced lodging; there were 10 varieties with yields exceeding 9 000 kg/hm², including Quanliangyou 6019, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yuanliangyou 1612, etc. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of their field growth, and 19 varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Chufengyoujingxiangsimiao, and Guanliangyou 3 performed well. Overall, 12 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Guanliangyou 3, Liangyou 1573, Xinliangyou 2081, Yuanliangyou 816, Liangyou 5043, Xinliangyou 1, Zhuanliangyou 0688, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yualiangyou 1612, Xiliangyouyuhesimiao, and Huiliangyou 985 had strong stress resistance and high yields, and were suitable for promotion and planting in relevant areas.

To accelerate the high quality production of wheat in Hexian, Anhui Province, suitable wheat varieties for local planting were selected, including 10 varieties such as Ningmai 13 and Zhenmai 15, for demonstration experiments. Ningmai 13 was used as a control to comprehensively investigate the growth period, agronomic traits, morphological resistance, and yield characteristics of each variety. The results indicated that the entire growth period of each variety was between 200-212 days. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height ranges from 73.3 to 87.4 cm, the ear length ranges from 6.8 to 10.4 cm, the number of grains per ear ranges from 33.6 to 39.8, the thousand grain weight ranges from 36.1 to 43.8 g, and the effective ear count ranges from 4.245 million to 5.775 million ears per hectare. In terms of resistance, 7 varieties including Ningmai 24, Ningmai 26, and Zhenmai 12 had strong lodging resistance, while Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 had better resistance to Fusarium head blight. The top 3 wheat varieties in terms of yield are Zhenmai 18 (6 789.0 kg/hm²), Yangmai 34 (6 762.0 kg/hm²), and Zhenmai 15 (6 724.5 kg/hm²), which increased yield by 12.5% to 13.5% compared to the CK. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the growth period, agronomic traits, resistance, and yield performance of various varieties, Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 were selected to perform well under the climatic conditions of the experimental field in that year.

To screen soybean varieties suitable for planting in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, a regional comparative trial was conducted using 14 varieties, including Hedou 12, Jiadou 119, and Daoqiu 60, with Hedou 12 as the control (CK). The indicators such as growth period, agronomic traits, economic traits, disease resistance, yield, and quality were measured. The results showed that in the 2022 regional trial, the growth period of the varieties ranged from 92.6 to 107.9 days, plant height from 56.4 to 84.3 cm, effective pods per plant from 40.4 to 68.9, grains per plant from 86.8 to 139.8, grain weight per plant from 20.2 to 28.9 g, and 100-seed weight from 17.4 to 29.1 g. Traits such as grain shape, seed coat color, seed luster, hilum color, purple-brown spot rate, and insect damage rate all performed well. Except for Xiangxing 4 and Xiangxing 919, all other varieties exhibited resistance or high resistance to soybean mosaic virus strains SC-3 and SC-7, the yields were 180.80 - 229.08 kg/667 m². Based on the 2022 regional trial, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 were selected for their moderate growth period, excellent agronomic and economic traits, and higher yields, and were advanced to the 2023 regional trial. The two year regional trial results showed that Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 exhibited high and stable yields, with yields over the two years increasing by 5.06% to 6.08% compared to CK. Their protein content ranged from 39.83% to 41.54%, and crude fat content from 18.98% to 20.97%. In conclusion, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 demonstrated superior overall performance and were recommended for production trials.

Tobacco black shank is one of the major diseases in tobacco production. It has become increasingly severe due to factors such as continuous cropping and frequent introduction of new varieties, threatening the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The etiological characteristics, disease symptoms, pathogenic factors, and control measures of this disease were elaborated. The pathogen of this disease belongs to the genus Phytophthora, with mycelium or chlamydospores serving as the primary infection sources. Its zoospores can directly penetrate the epidermis to infect plants. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth is 28–32 °C, and the optimal temperature for sporangium production is 24–28 °C. This disease can occur throughout the entire growth period of tobacco, with high incidence from the rosette stage to the vigorous growth stage. It mainly damages the basal stems and roots. In the seedling stage, it manifests as “damping-off”; in the field stage, it presents typical symptoms such as “mantle-like”, “bamboo shoot node-like”, and “disc-like” lesions. Pathogenic factors include overwintering of pathogens (surviving for 2–3 years, with continuous cropping exacerbating accumulation), high temperature and high humidity climates (field humidity above 80% for 3–5 consecutive days leading to disease peaks), and root-knot nematode infection (aggravating the damage). Control measures include breeding disease-resistant varieties (such as highly resistant varieties such as Zhongyan 100 and Yuyan No.2, and moderately resistant varieties such as K326 and Yunyan 85); agricultural control (rational crop rotation/intercropping with non-host crops, deep plowing and sunning, high-ridging and earthing up, drainage and humidity reduction, etc.); biological control (using antagonistic microorganisms such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas, as well as plant-derived fungicides from garlic and corktree bark); and chemical control (agents such as metalaxyl-mancozeb, mefenoxam-mancozeb, and dimethomorph). Future research should further explore its pathogenic mechanisms, accelerate the improvement of disease-resistant varieties, develop environmentally friendly biological agents, and optimize integrated prevention and control systems to adapt to different production needs.

Canine distemper is a non zoonotic disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). This study focuses on dogs suspected of suffering from canine distemper, and diagnoses them through clinical examination, blood biochemical indicators, blood routine indicators,and antigen detection; adopt methods such as combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Sangju Yinqiao powder decoction + Doxycycline powder, etc.) and treating based on syndrome differentiation to treat it. The results showed that the diseased dogs had poor mental state, frequent sneezing, thick nasal discharge, and bleeding. The concentrations of albumin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and globulin in the diseased dog were higher than the reference values. The total number of white blood cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils were significantly increased. The antigen test was positive. All the evidence indicates that the dog is suffering from canine distemper.After treatment, the dog’s condition improved, and its appetite, mental state, blood biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators all returned to normal. This article provides reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

The current situation and underlying causes of the veterinary licensing examination in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2024 were analyzed, based on examination data, and proposes targeted development recommendations. From 2010 to 2024, the number of online applicants for the veterinary licensing examination in the study region climbed to 25 223, demonstrating a marked growth trend. The gender ratio of examinees decreased substantially from 5.96 in 2010 to 1.09 in 2024, indicating a gradual trend toward balance. The number of participants holding a master’s degree increased by 125%, reflecting a notable rise in the overall educational level. A marked increase in student participants and a diversification of their professional backgrounds were also observed. These changes were primarily attributed to the expansion of the breeding industry, growing pressure for disease prevention and control, the rapid growth of the pet healthcare market, evolving industry and market demands, and enhanced linkages between education and practice. Based on these findings, recommendations were proposed including strengthening examination services and resource support by optimizing the distribution of test centers, establishing stable examination bases, and implementing a “pre-payment+post-examination refund” mechanism; deepening the integration of continuing education and career development by establishing a tiered and classified continuing education system, innovating educational models and resource integration, and strengthening supervision and effect evaluation; promoting the precise alignment of talent cultivation with industrial needs by refining university curricula, expanding practice scopes, and enhancing talent guidance. This study aims to provide insights for promoting the professionalization and standardization of the veterinary industry.

To screen for suitable planting densities for maize in the Central Shandong region, the density tolerant variety Huangjinliang MY73 was selected as the test material. Three planting densities of 6 000, 6 500 and 7 000 plants/667 m² were set up to study the effects of planting density on maize yield, yield components, agronomic traits, and grain filling rate. The results showed that this variety had the highest grain yield of 851.51 kg/667 m², the plant height, spike height, and center of gravity height were relatively low, at 192.00, 75.83, and 83.50 cm, respectively under the condition of 6 500 plants/667 m². The third to last internode of the stem was shorter, which could reduce the risk of lodging. The grain filling process of maize populations exhibit a growth pattern of slow onset rapid growth gradually slowing down, following an “S” - shaped curve; the grain filling characteristic showed a single peak curve trend, the grain filling characteristic of each treatment reached their peak around 14 days after silk emergence; maize treated with 6 500 plants/667 m² had a longer duration of active filling stage. Overall, increasing the planting density of compact maize varieties appropriately can fully unleash their potential for increased yield; the suitable planting density for the density tolerant variety Huangjinliang MY73 is 6 500 plants/667 m².

Peppermint is an important medicinal and economic crop with high value-added potential in deep processing. Menthol, its primary volatile component, possesses various biological activities. The research progress of menthol on the pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmaceutics and toxicology were reviewed based on relevant literature. In terms of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC) of menthol is relatively low, and the mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half-life (T_1/2) are short, indicating that it is metabolized rapidly in the body. In terms of pharmacodynamics, it exerts antibacterial effects by influencing the contents of phosphatidylcholine and other components in bacterial cell membranes; it has certain antiviral effects and enhances the immune system; it influences the formation of fungal biofilms and has good inhibitory effects on fungi such as Trichophyton and Microsporum canis; it reduces the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in cells and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), exerting anti-inflammatory effects; it promotes apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibits their proliferation and migration; it exerts analgesic effects by regulating calcium (Ca²⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) channels in nerve cells; and it has other pharmacological activities including antiparasitic, antioxidant and neuroregulatory effects. In pharmaceutics, menthol, as an efficient penetration enhancer, enhances the transport capacity of the blood-brain barrier, lymphatic permeability, intestinal epithelial barrier and skin permeability barrier by down-regulating the levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-5). In toxicology, the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of this substance in rats and mice is higher than 4 000 mg/kg, indicating high safety; however, long term excessive use may cause adverse reactions such as reducing the tension of the esophageal, esophageal and gastric sphincters. This article provides a reference for the further promotion and application of menthol.

The growth environment, especially soil conditions, has a significant impact on the quality of Chinese medicinal materials such as Gastrodia elata. The research progress on the characteristics of Gastrodia elata growth soil from aspects such as the soil types suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata, as well as the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the growth soil was summarized. Gastrodia elata thrives in loose and moderately sandy loam. Yellow soil and yellow-brown soil are commonly suitable dominant soil types. Research on the physical properties of Gastrodia elata soil mainly focuses on soil moisture content. In addition, physical properties such as soil texture, porosity, water-holding capacity also affect the quality of Gastrodia elata. In terms of chemical properties, the suitable soil pH for Gastrodia elata is 4.00-6.30, and the organic matter content is 28.63-138.30 g/kg. Among them, phosphorus is crucial for the improvement of its yield and quality. During its cultivation process, effective measures should be focused on to increase the available phosphorus content in the soil. Heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, as well as macromolecular organic substances like valenoic acid and o-heptadecanoyl carnitine, are also its important chemical properties. In terms of biological characteristics, it mainly includes research on soil microbial structure and diversity. Crop rotation or fallow can restore microbial diversity. The application of lime, anti-continuous cropping agents and other improvement agents can regulate the microbial community structure to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and increase yield.

Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry production, which can reduce the yield and quality of strawberry and cause certain economic losses. The pathogen and symptoms of strawberry gray mold, the infection cycle of the disease, the main factors influencing its occurrence, and comprehensive control measures were elaborated. There are many types of pathogens causing strawberry gray mold, mainly including Botrytis cinerea, B. caroliniana, and B. sinoviticola, etc. The main damage is to the fruit, initially showing water-soaked spots, and later expanding into gray-brown soft rot spots covered with mold; infected flower organs, leaves, and petioles show browning, rotting, and mold. The pathogen mainly overwinters in the form of conidia, mycelium, or sclerotia in diseased residues and soil, and spreads through air currents, water vapor, or agricultural operations, infecting plants through wounds or natural openings, and repeatedly reinfecting in a humid environment. The main factors influencing the occurrence of this disease include variety resistance, fruit maturity and whether it is damaged, the amount of bacteria carried by various plant organs, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, the amount of spores in the air), and cultivation and management measures (close planting, poor ventilation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and continuous cropping). In production, it is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures including agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties and high ridge mulching cultivation, ecological control measures such as high-temperature fumigation, biological control measures such as applying antagonistic bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium lateritium Pa2) and plant-derived agents (eugenol, carvacrol), and chemical control measures such as alternating use of low-toxic and highly effective fungicides such as procymidone and boscalid to effectively control the occurrence of strawberry gray mold. In the future, systematic research needs to be conducted in areas such as resistance monitoring systems, development of environmentally friendly fungicides, and disease monitoring and early warning systems to provide references for the control and in-depth study of this disease.

To evaluate the nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from various raw materials, 30 DDGS samples were classified into 5 groups based on their raw material sources and crude protein content: rice DDGS, corn DDGS (Ⅰ), corn DDGS (Ⅱ), low-proportion cassava DDGS (CP > 18%), and high-proportion cassava DDGS (CP < 18%). The nutritional composition and predicted energy values were compared among these groups. Additionally, 5 representative DDGS samples were selected for further analysis of their gross energy, enzyme hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE), and digestibility determined by simulated digestion method.The results demonstrated that as the cassava substitution ratio increased, the crude protein and crude fat content of cassava DDGS gradually decreased, while crude fiber and crude ash content increased. Furthermore, model-predicted energy analysis revealed a significant decline in energy value with higher cassava substitution ratios, indicating poorer quality. Simulated digestion experiments confirmed that the energy value and digestibility of cassava DDGS decreased as the cassava substitution ratio rose.In conclusion, low-proportion cassava DDGS, with its high crude protein content and superior digestibility, is suitable as a quality protein source. Conversely, high-proportion cassava DDGS, characterized by elevated crude fiber and crude ash content, is less suitable for monogastric animals due to reduced nutrient utilization but can serve as a cost-effective roughage for ruminants.

The current situation and foundation of the “one county, one specialty”industry in Ma’anshan City in Anhui Provice was analyzed, and the gaps in the development of the“one county, one specialty”industry were analyzed. Based on this, corresponding countermeasures were proposed. Relying on the“one county, one specialty”model, the research area focuses on developing three characteristic industries: Hanshan rice, Hexian vegetables, and Dangtu crabs. It had initially formed a full industrial chain layout, with large-scale operation entities covering leading enterprises, cooperatives, and family farms. However, compared with the leading domestic industries of the same type, the characteristic industries in the research area still have certain gaps in terms of processing level, product research and development, industrial chain, industrial elements, brand building, etc. Based on this, a series of strategies were proposed, including boosting technological innovation through seed industry research and development, enhanced academia-industry collaboration, and digital transformation; strengthening the “three products” (variety, quality, and brand) via superior seed cultivation, quality enhancement, and standardized production; fostering market leaders by supporting dominant enterprises and targeted investment; promoting tri-sector integration through market-driven marketing systems and agriculture-culture-tourism-sports convergence; innovating service models in finance and organizational structures. This article provides a reference for promoting the development of the “one county, one specialty” characteristic industries and facilitating the high quality development of rural industries.

To promote the research and development of efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer alternatives and the resource utilization of agricultural waste, the usability of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer was analyzed, its practical application in the production of grain crops and economic crops were discussed, and the impact of reducing chemical fertilizers and applying organic fertilizers on crop yield and quality, soil quality, etc., were analyzed. In terms of availability, it has abundant raw materials for organic fertilizers and high availability. Among them, human and animal manure for producing organic fertilizers is a more suitable method. In practical applications, in the production of grain crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can ensure the nutrient supply of rice at various growth stages, improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of wheat grains, and increase the biomass and protein content of maize; in the production of economic crops such as cotton, rapeseed, and pomelo, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can improve cotton quality and yield, effectively reduce the occurrence of rapeseed diseases, and improve the nutrient status of pomelo leaves and fruits. In terms of impact, the application of this technology can help promote crop growth and development, improve crop yield and quality, increase soluble protein and vitamin C content in fruits, etc. improve soil structure, reduce soil pollution risk, and enhance soil nitrogen utilization efficiency. This article provides a reference for the development of green agriculture, circular economy.

Based on a literature review, this paper synthesizes the mechanisms underlying the detachment of the mattic epipedon during the degradation of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, discusses its ecological functions, and highlights that restoring the mattic epipedon is crucial for rehabilitating degraded grasslands. The mattic epipedon in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a unique surface soil layer composed of living/dead roots and humus, playing essential ecological roles in water conservation, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and maintaining ecosystem stability. The detachment of the mattic epipedon is driven by multiple factors, including climate warming and drying, freeze-thaw cycles, grazing pressure, rodent disturbances, and human activities, manifesting as a degradation sequence from normal development, thickening, collapse, to complete detachment. The rupture of the mattic epipedon leads to deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, reduced microbial activity, and vegetation retrogressive succession, exacerbating the formation of “black soil patches”. Future research should focus on the response of the mattic epipedon to climate change, its role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and restoration techniques to provide a scientific basis for the ecological rehabilitation of alpine grasslands.

To compare the fruit quality of five blueberry varieties in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, the fruits of five blueberry varieties, namely ‘Lanmei No.1’ ‘Gardenblue’ ‘L11’ ‘Nan Gaocong No.3’and ‘Eureka’ were used as materials. The appearance indicators such as single fruit quality, the contents of antioxidant substances such as anthocyanins, chlorophyll content, and the contents of nutrients such as soluble sugar were determined, and the sensory evaluation of the fruits was also conducted. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were adopted to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality. The results showed that among the five blueberry varieties, ‘Eureka’ had the largest single fruit weight at 4.805 g,‘Gardenblue’ had the largest fruit shape index at 0.868, ‘Eureka’ had the highest anthocyanin content at 890.217 μg/g, ‘L11’ had the highest total phenol content at 2.840 g/kg, and ‘Gardenblue’ had the highest flavonoid content, reaching 0.177 mg/g, the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids in ‘Lanmei No.1’ were all the highest, which were 8.873%, 107.433 μg/g and 10.2% respectively. The total sensory evaluation scores, from high to low, were as follows:‘Lanmei No.1’ > ‘Nan Gaocong No.3’ > ‘Gardenblue’ > ‘Eureka’ > ‘L11’. Comprehensive analysis showed that ‘Eureka’ had the highest comprehensive score, with large fruits, strong antioxidant capacity and high nutritional value. ‘Lanmei No.1’ ranked second in the comprehensive score, with higher fruit sweetness and good taste. The fruit quality of both was relatively high. To sum up, among the five blueberry varieties, ‘Eureka’ and ‘Lanmei No.1’ had better overall quality.‘Lanmei No.1’ was suitable for fresh consumption, while ‘Eureka’ was suitable for processing into dried fruits, fruit paste and functional products. This article provides a reference for the introduction and cultivation of blueberries in similar regions.

To explore the effects of different application combinations and application frequencies of gibberellin (GA₃) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations on the fruit development and quality traits of blueberries, the blueberry variety ‘Jewel’ was used as the experimental material, and water treatment was used as the control (CK). The blueberry seedlings at the full flowering stage were sprayed with 25 mg/L GA₃, 20 mg/L NAA, and 25 mg/L GA₃+20 mg/L NAA (GA₃+NAA), respectively. The fruits in each group clusters were repeatedly sprayed twice and three times respectively during the young fruit stage and the expansion stage. The indicators such as the single fruit weight, total phenol and proanthocyanidin content of blueberries in each group after treatment were determined. The results showed that the effects of NAA and GA₃ treatment in increasing the single fruit weight were better than those of GA₃+NAA treatment. Spraying of GA₃+NAA twice could increase the contents of total phenols, proanthocyanidins, soluble sugars and soluble solids in plants, and the effect was better than spraying GA₃ or NAA alone twice. The effects of NAA and GA₃+NAA treatments in reducing the content of titratable acids are superior to those of GA₃ treatments. Spraying GA₃ once had a better effect on increasing the vitamin C content of blueberry. In conclusion, spraying GA₃+NAA (25 mg/L+20 mg/L) twice was beneficial for improving the quality of blueberry fruits. This article provides a reference for the scientific application of plant growth regulators in blueberry cultivation.

The physical and chemical properties of coffee grounds, as a by-product of coffee, and the potential of resource reuse were reviewed. Coffee grounds are rich in nutrients such as organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their porous nature makes them a good soil amendment. In soil improvement, coffee grounds can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and adjust soil pH. In terms of fertilizer application, coffee grounds can improve the physical properties of the soil, and its slow-release effect provides stable and lasting nutrition for crops, helps to reduce the loss and volatilization of nutrients, and thus improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. The reuse of coffee grounds resources helps reduce the environmental burden caused by agricultural waste and realize the recycling of agricultural by-products. At the same time, it promotes the root expansion and nutrient absorption of crops by improving soil conditions, so as to further improve crop yield and quality. This paper provides a reference for realizing the efficient utilization of coffee grounds and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

This paper combines the production practices of the rice-crayfish symbiotic farming model in the Ma’anshan region of Anhui Province, the technical requirements for paddy fields, the key techniques for rice cultivation and crayfish farming under this model were analyzed, as well as its advantages and future research trends. For this model, it was advisable to select field plots of 3–5 hm², with ridge widths no less than 1.5 m and heights of 60–80 cm. Additionally, the inner slopes of the fields should be protected with polyethylene mesh fabric with a mesh size of 5 mm.The key techniques for rice cultivation included selecting varieties with plant heights above 1.1 m, strong lodging resistance, and good disease resistance (such as Wangliangyou 018, Weiliangyou 8612, and Qiaoliangyou 17), using the “day-soaking and night-draining” method for seed soaking, and employing rice-specific germination boxes for constant-temperature sprouting. The suitable sowing period in the study area is March 15–20. Greenhouse seedling cultivation mainly adopts dry management and sprinkler irrigation, with daytime temperatures maintained at 25–30 °C. Water control and seedling hardening were implemented 5–7 days before transplanting, while the main field was rotary-tilled in advance. Mechanical transplanting is adopted, ensuring sufficient basic seedlings with a planting density of 30 cm × 17 cm and 12 000–15 000 holes/667 m². The first harvest of rice should be completed before August 20, while the ratoon rice harvest period falls between late October and early November.The key techniques for crayfish farming included stocking fry in two batches (the first from March 20 to April 20 and the second before the end of May), with a total stocking density of 7 000 individuals/667 m². On the day of release, high quality juvenile feed with a protein content of 36% and a particle size of 1.1 mm should be evenly distributed. After release, fermented yeast-based EM bacteria should be applied every 5–7 days for water quality regulation. During the harvesting period (from May to late October), a “capture the large and retain the small” approach is adopted for flexible harvesting. This model achieves “one planting with two harvests” for rice, improving its yield, while also enhancing the unit yield and size of crayfish. The harvesting period is significantly extended, leading to notable economic benefits. Future research should further investigate the effects of rice planting density and crayfish stocking density on rice yield and farming efficiency under this model.

Combined with the climatic characteristics and soil conditions of the Jianghuai Watershed region, the efficient cultivation techniques of blueberry suitable for this region were summarized. Specifically, it is advisable to choose plots with abundant sunlight, loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and good ecological conditions. The blueberry varieties suitable for cultivation in the research area include south highbush blueberry and rabbit eye blueberry. Before planting, thoroughly clean the garden, select the best seedlings for planting, and strengthen the management after planting. Adjust the soil pH by using acidic organic matter and acidic fertilizers; during the growth process of blueberry, it is necessary to scientifically manage fertilizer and water, as well as shaping and pruning. Pest and disease control is carried out by means of manual operation, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, biological pesticides, chemical agents, etc. Weed control in time, cut grass for tree tray cover or for making waterlogged compost; harvest at the right time and store scientifically. This article provides a reference for the cultivation and management of blueberry in similar areas.

The breeding process of Qiaoliangyoujingxiangsizhan was introduced, the main characteristics and cultivation techniques of this variety were summarized and analyzed. Qiaoliangyoujingxiangsizhan is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety developed through systematic breeding, with Xi 08S as the female parent and Jingxiangsizhan as the male parent. High yield, excellent quality, and moderate resistance to rice blast disease were demonstrated in regional and production trials. Its high yield cultivation techniques include timely sowing, pesticide soaking, and moderate sowing; suitable transplanting time; apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply early and heavy tillering fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; select suitable pesticides for chemical weed control 5-7 days after rice transplantation; appropriate timing and application of pesticides to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice false smut and rice thrips. This article provides a reference for the cultivation of this variety as mid season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and related areas.

The research progress in rice germplasm innovation, variety breeding, and breeding technology development in Anhui Province since 1949 has been reviewed, and the future research directions in rice breeding have been prospected. In terms of germplasm innovation and variety breeding, Anhui rice germplasm (variety) innovation has gone through the stages of introducing and systematically selecting agricultural varieties and dwarf varieties, as well as selecting three-line sterile lines and two-line sterile lines; as of 2024, there were 1 539 self bred rice varieties in the research area, including three-line hybrid rice varieties such as 80 You 121, Xieyou 57, and Quanyou 822, two-line hybrid rice combinations such as Xingliangyou No.6 and Wandao 153, conventional rice varieties such as Huixiangruan No.1 and Huixiangjing 977, as well as strong drought resistant varieties such as Lyuhan No.1 and Lyuhanliangyou 21. In terms of breeding technology, mutagenesis technology has the characteristics of high mutation rate and light biological damage, enriched breeding resources; molecular marker assisted breeding technology can accurately select and efficiently recombine for the gene, improving the success rate of breeding; gene editing technology can precisely modify target genes according to specific breeding needs, further improving the precision and efficiency of breeding. The next step will focus on cultivating new varieties of green, high quality, high yielding, and multi resistant rice to meet diversified market demands.

The research progress on Capsicum annuum germplasm resources, including 6 aspects: collection, sorting and evaluation, resistance identification, quality research, phenotypic traits, preservation techniques, and development and utilization were reviewed. In terms of the collection, sorting and evaluation of Capsicum annuum germplasm resources, it is mainly collected collaboratively by units such as the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. More than 2 000 germplasm materials have been stored in the database, and a preliminary evaluation has been conducted on its key horticultural traits, economic characteristics and disease resistance. In terms of resistance identification, methods such as root irrigation with zoospores, inoculation of isolated fruits, and field resistance assessment are the basic means for resistance identification of Capsicum annuum， which are conducive to obtaining resistance materials. In terms of quality research, through the detection of Capsicum annuum fruit components, the main agronomic traits and the correlation analysis among them, the precise and targeted improvement of quality traits is achieved. In terms of phenotypic traits, the phenotypic characteristics of Capsicum annuum show high diversity and variability in germplasm resources. In terms of preservation technology, the preservation method combining a dryer with silica gel and plastic bags is suitable for short-term preservation. By using low-temperature refrigeration facilities and dehumidification equipment, better medium and long-term preservation effects can be achieved. In terms of development and utilization, Capsicum annuum is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries through various utilization methods such as fresh consumption, drying, condiment processing, pickling and processing extraction. This article provides a reference for the creation of Capsicum annuum germplasm resources and the breeding of characteristic varieties.

To compare the historical evolution, medicinal effects and chemical components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, the authentic evolution, efficacy verification and active components of two medicinal materials were analyzed. The key components in the pulp and seeds of the two were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the contents of saponin B and spinosin in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Herbal research showed that jujube was mainly produced in Shandong and Shanxi provinces, while Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was mainly produced in the North China Plain and other northern regions. Both contain active components such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, but the content of hypnotic components (such as spinosin and saponin B) in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was higher after stir-frying. TLC and HPLC showed that both the pulp of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen contained oleanolic acid and betulinic acid, while the seed of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen only contained betulinic acid, and neither of the two was detected in the seed of jujube. The content of saponin B in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was determined by HPLC to be 0.021 7 mg/g, and that of spinosin was 0.072 6 mg/g, which might be related to the variety or harvest period. The above results indicated that the flesh components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were similar, but the kernels were significantly different. The medicinal parts of the two cannot be replaced. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen need to be stir-fried to increase efficiency, and their pulp can be developed into food (such as vinegar, pastries) to improve utilization.

To explore approaches for improving irrigation efficiency and conserving water resources through intelligent technologies, thereby promoting the modernization of farmland water conservancy, the definition of this system was introduced, and its application practice of intelligent management system in agricultural water conservancy from the aspects of irrigation system, data detection, etc was analyzed. This system was a new type of management system based on modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing. The system was integrated with the irrigation system to automatically adjust the irrigation amount, achieving precise irrigation and efficient management. Through real-time data monitoring and analysis, farmland irrigation demands were predicted, and scientific and rational irrigation plans were formulated to reduce water waste. Intelligent control improved the operational efficiency and reliability of the irrigation system. The construction of smart irrigation districts enabled efficient allocation and intelligent regulation of water resources, enhancing the modernization level of farmland water conservancy. This study provides a reference for the development of intelligent management system in agricultural water conservancy irrigation smart agriculture.

Native chicken is loved by consumers because of its fresh meat and rich nutritional value. The breeding technology of native chicken in Huangshan of Anhui Province from the aspects of chicken farm construction, variety selection, brooding and breeding management were introduced, and the breeding benefits in actual production were analyzed, and the corresponding measures were proposed. In the process of chicken breeding, the chicken farm should choose a higher terrain, ensure convenient transportation, stay away from residential areas, and ensure sufficient water, etc., it is appropriate to choose an adult weight of about 2 kg and a long tibial variety. In brooding stage, brooding rooms should be prepared in advance, and related facilities should be configured according to the number of brooding and breeding scale. In the process of brooding, the temperature and light should be controlled, the food and drink should be started timely, and the work of environmental management, feed transition and immunization should be done well. In terms of breeding management, when the body weight of chicks grows to about 0.5 kg, they are transferred to the adult chicken house for stocking. After the transfer, the activity of chickens and egg production rate are increased by adding perches and building egg boxes in the chicken house. In practice, through the above technical measures, the economic benefits are higher; however, in actual production, it is necessary to further strengthen management from the aspects of epidemic prevention and disinfection, market conditions, emergency skills, etc., to improve its economic benefits. This paper provides references for native chicken breeding in relevant areas.

Based on the occurrence and damage of the main rice diseases and insect pests, the comprehensive control technologies, including agricultural, biological, physical and chemical prevention and control were discussed. The primary diseases included rice blast (which infected leaves, nodes, and panicles), sheath blight (which infected basal leaf sheaths), and false smut (a panicle disease). The major pests included rice planthopper (which sucked sap), the rice leaf roller (which damaged leaves by rolling), and rice stem borers (which bored into stems). The integrated control was centered on the ecosystem and combined agricultural, biological, physical, and chemical technologies. Agricultural control involved selecting resistant varieties and implementing scientific field management; biological control generally utilized natural enemies and integrated crop-aquaculture systems; physical control often employed measures such as trapping and barrier methods; chemical control was focused on reducing application quantities and increasing efficiency by selecting low-toxicity agents. By comprehensively applying these control technologies, precise prediction and green management were achieved, which protected rice yield and quality and promoted sustainable agricultural development.

This investigation mainly adopts the method of line investigation, and combines field investigation, sample plot investigation, individual tree investigation, literature review, and interviews with informed people to assist in the investigation. It analyzes the types, quantities, and distribution status of wild forest trees, collected and preserved species, cultivated and utilized species, ancient and famous trees, rare and protected forest and grass species, superior stands and superior individual trees, as well as herbaceous species and other forest and grass germplasm resources in Jieshou City, Anhui Province. The results show that 46 kinds of wild forest resources such as Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandiflora and Camphora officinarum are recorded; 5 kinds of germplasm resources such as Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Wanhuai1’, Quercus acutissima, Koelreuteria bipinnata,and ‘integrifoliola’ are collected and preserved; 130 kinds of forest and grass germplasm resources such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus bungeana are cultivated and utilized; 43 ancient and famous tree species such as Pistacia chinensis, Ailanthus altissima, and Ehretia acuminata are recorded; 6 kinds of rare and protected forest and grass species such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Eucommia ulmoides, and Zelkova serrata are recorded; 4 excellent stands and 10 excellent individual trees are collected; and 92 kinds of herbage germplasm resources such as Equisetum ramosissimum, Nymphaea tetragona and Hemerocallis fulva are recorded. Based on the distribution of resources, measures such as establishing in situ preservation repositories, off-site preservation repositories, forest germplasm resource databases, and strengthening the protection of rare and endangered plants have been proposed. This paper provides a reference for establishing an information management system for forest and grass germplasm resources in the research area and scientifically formulating long-term protection and utilization plans for forest and grass germplasm resources.

The environmental suitability of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area of Shanxi Province was analyzed from four aspects: climatic conditions, climatic stability, geographical conditions and soil conditions, and the planting management techniques were summarized from the aspects of seed breeding, planting time and planting methods. The Hengshan area was more suitable for the growth of Astragalus membranaceus with large diurnal temperature difference, suitable precipitation, abundant light resources, less extreme weather and loose soil. In order to improve the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus, a series of cultivation and management measures were put forward, including the selection of seeds with full grain and no mildew and moth-eaten seeds, timely sowing, rational fertilization, scientific irrigation, timely weeding and attention to disease and pest control. This paper provides references for further improving the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area.

The application principles of the concept of nature education in the design of children’s parks were analyzed, taking the children’s park in Urumqi as the research object, and the strategies for creating its nature education space were explored. The design principles of children’s parks based on the concept of nature education mainly include creating a natural exploration environment suitable for arid climates and strengthening terrain design and plant configuration. Highlight the content of ecological education and build a systematic environmental interpretation system; design multi-level interactive natural experience facilities to meet the development needs of children of different age groups; emphasize the organic integration of regional culture and nature education, highlighting regional characteristics. The landscape design of the research area adopts a natural curve form, dividing it into the entrance comprehensive leisure area, the dynamic science popularization park area, the five-sense experience area, the waterfront science popularization experience area, the dense forest adventure area and the agricultural activity experience area. In terms of plant configuration, evergreen plants are taken as the base, and deciduous trees and flowering shrubs are appropriately added to enrich the seasonal changes. The design of ecosystem science popularization facilities should take into account the inheritance of regional culture, ecological friendliness and children’s adaptability, and transform local traditional patterns, folk tales and other cultural symbols into interactive features of science popularization facilities. Combine the spatial layout design of the children’s park to create a variety of interpretation media. This article provides a reference for promoting the innovative development of children’s park design.

This article systematically expounded the prospects of developing the Camellia oleifera planting industry from 3 aspects: economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits. It introduced its biological characteristics from aspects such as botanical features, ecological habits, growth and development characteristics, reproductive ability and adaptability. On this basis, it further summarized the key points of Camellia oleifera cultivation and management techniques and conducts an in-depth analysis of its economic benefits. Tea oil had multiple uses such as food, cosmetics and medicine. The cultivation of Camellia oleifera could increase vegetation coverage and improve local climate. The related industry also promoted the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and employment of rural labor force. This plant was an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Camellia in the Theaceae family. It preferred warm and humid environments, enjoyed sunlight, and had strong adaptability and stress resistance. It was widely planted in southern regions and was mainly used for extracting tea oil. The key points of cultivation and management techniques for Camellia oleifera mainly included selecting an area where the climate conditions were suitable for the growth of this plant, scientific land preparation, and selecting high quality varieties with strong disease and pest resistance and wide adaptability. The propagation of Camellia oleifera mainly included seed propagation, cutting propagation, grafting propagation, etc. Single or double row planting was adopted, with a planting density of 80 to 120 plants /667 m². The trees, shrubs, and other plants in the Camellia oleifera forest were regularly removed. The seedlings were watered moderately. Drainage was ensured during the rainy season, and organic fertilizers were applied scientifically. During the young tree stage, mainly shape the trees. During the fruiting period, prune diseased and pest-infested branches, overly dense branches and overgrown branches. Comprehensive control methods should be adopted, including agricultural control (such as removing diseased branches and leaves), biological control (such as releasing natural enemy species of pests), and chemical control. Economic benefit analysis indicated that, the initial investment for Camellia oleifera cultivation was between 1 000 and 2 000 yuan/667 m², the annual management cost was between 1 000 and 1 500 yuan/667 m², and the annual income was between 3 400 and 11 200 yuan/667 m². After deducting the costs, the annual net income was between 1 400 and 8 700 yuan/667 m², demonstrating significant economic benefits. This article provides a reference for the sustainable development of the Camellia oleifera industry.

Abiotic stresses such as light, drought, heavy metals and salinity are important environmental factors affecting the growth and development of plants. As a natural herbaceous plant, the growth and development of Mentha canadensis can also be affected by abiotic stresses. The effects of abiotic stresses such as light, drought and heavy metals on the germination of Mentha canadensis seeds and the growth of seedlings were reviewed. Blue light significantly promotes the growth of mint stems, while red and blue light can promote the growth of its roots. In a weakened environment, the root system grows slowly, the photosynthetic rate decreases, and the accumulation of organic matter reduces. Under drought stress, the photosynthesis of Mentha canadensis is inhibited, and the integrity of its biofilm structure is affected, which is not conducive to the improvement of its yield and quality. Heavy metals chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) all show the characteristics of promoting the growth of Mentha canadensis at low concentrations and inhibiting it at high concentrations. Moreover, with the increase of the treatment concentration, their physiological activities are affected to varying degrees. Salt and alkali can affect the seed germination of this plant and the growth of the embryo shoot and embryo root. Other factors such as CO₂ concentration, moisture content and ambient temperature can all have an impact on the growth of Mentha canadensis. This article provides references for exploring the mechanism of Mentha canadensis’s response to abiotic stress.

The application of plant growth regulators is one of the important measures for the high quality and high yield cultivation of Capsicum annuum. Application research progress of plant growth regulators in promoting the growth of Capsicum annuum, enhancing their stress resistance, and promoting redness and leaf removal of Capsicum annuum were reviewed. The results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of plant growth regulators such as brassinolide and chitosan oligosaccharides at the appropriate time was conducive to promoting plant growth, achieving the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality, seed germination, cultivating strong seedlings, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and dwarfization of plant type, and improving the seedling strength index. At the same time, it could enhance the ability of Capsicum annuum seedlings to withstand high temperature and drought stress, low temperature and weak light stress, and the damage caused by saline-alkali and waterlogging disasters, and it could alleviate drug damage and continuous cropping obstacles. The special defoliating agent for Capsicum annuum had certain defoliating and reddening effects. Subsequently, research on the regulation of Capsicum annuum plant type by plant growth regulators should be further intensified. This article provides a reference for the safe application of plant growth regulators in Capsicum annuum production.

Based on a comprehensive interpretation of the all-age friendly concept and the connotation of urban renewal, as well as the current challenges in urban park renovation, Shenyang Kejian Park was taken as a case. From the perspective of all-age friendly, the park’s challenges through empirical analysis were pointed out, and renewal strategies for creating an all-age friendly urban park were proposed. Against the backdrop of urban renewal, urban park renovation has shifted toward all-age friendly, diversity, and refinement. Current efforts still need improvement in ecological functions, biodiversity, spatial composite utilization, and maintenance management. Kejian Park faces shortcomings in rational functional zoning, infrastructure functionality, road network accessibility, and diversified plant configuration. Accordingly,renewal and activation strategies for all-age friendly urban parks were proposed，including enriching functional zones to create shared activity spaces for all ages; upgrading infrastructure and adding industrial-themed interactive installations; optimizing the hierarchical road network system to enhance spatial accessibility; diversifying plant community configurations to strengthen ecological service functions. This research provides a reference for enhancing similar urban park renewal projects.

To compare the variety characteristics of 12 sweet maizes such as Jintianshun 100, Huitian 138, and Zhenzhenbang 6, a random block design was adopted to determine their agronomic traits such as plant height, panicle length and other panicle traits, as well as panicle weight and other yield traits. Correlation analysis among these traits was also conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences in traits such as plant height, ear position height, ear length and ear thickness of the tested varieties. Among them, the plant height of maize ranged from 206.2 to 325.6 cm, the ear position height ranged from 66.0 to 180.4 cm, the empty stalk rate ranged from 0 to 12.8%, and the double ear rate ranged from 1.6% to 22.4%. The length of the panicle ranges from 20.50 to 23.46 cm, the diameter of the panicle was from 20.40 to 23.67 cm, the length of the balding tip was from 0.66 to 2.88 cm, the number of rows of the panicle was from 13.2 to 20.4, and the number of grains in each row is from 38.3 to 48.8. The panicle weight ranged from 266.80 to 368.65 g, the weight per hundred grains ranged from 31.85 to 47.76 g, the yield ranged from 8 979.48 to 14 391.56 kg/hm², and the seed yield ranged from 56.42% to 87.00%. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between the length and thickness of sweet maize ears, the number of rows and the position of the ears, the plant height and the height of the ears, the thickness of the ears and the yield, the number of rows and the plant height, and the weight of the ears and the yield. Overall, the agronomic traits of Zhenzhenbang No. 6 are generally good, and the yield of Jinguang 597 was the highest. This article provides a reference for the breeding of high yield sweet corn varieties.

The application of plant essential oil composite membranes in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation was summarized, and the construction of three edible composite membranes, namely chitosan composite membranes, protein composite membranes, and sodium alginate composite membranes, as well as the research progress of their applications in fruit and vegetable preservation were reviewed. Plant essential oils are green and natural preservatives for fruits and vegetables. They possess biological activities such as antioxidation and antibacterial properties, and are widely used in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. The application forms of plant essential oil composite films mainly include coating films and packaging films. Their development has solved the problems of poor stability and easy volatility of plant essential oils, and has shown good storage and preservation effects in the preservation of various fruits and vegetables. The selection of edible membranes mainly focuses on materials such as chitosan, protein, and sodium alginate. The combination of two or more materials enhances the comprehensive performance of the composite membranes. The three types of composite films, namely the edible composite film of plant essential oil - chitosan, the edible composite film of plant essential oil - protein, and the edible composite film of plant essential oil - sodium alginate, all have excellent antibacterial activity, which greatly extends the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and can better maintain the content of nutrients in fruits and vegetables. They have broad application prospects in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. This article provides a reference for expanding the application of plant essential oils.

The research progress on the responses of plant leaf functional traits to environmental factors such as climatic factors (light, temperature, humidity), soil factors, and topographic factors (altitude, slope direction, slope position, and slope) was reviewed. In terms of climatic factors, different light conditions can lead to significant differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf lifespan, specific leaf area, and leaf size among plants. The relationship between leaf functional traits and temperature varies among different forest stands. The water transport capacity and hydraulic structure characteristics of leaves affect the water use efficiency, growth, competition and distribution of plants. Factors such as precipitation and soil humidity content can lead to diverse differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf size, specific leaf area and vein density among different plants. In terms of soil factors, the responses of plant leaf functional traits to different soil factors are different. In terms of topographic factors, the response mechanism of leaf functional traits to altitude is different in different developmental stages of different plants. The slope direction forms a local environmental gradient by regulating factors such as light and temperature, resulting in differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf area and specific leaf area among different plants. The utilization strategies of plant resources on different slopes are different, and there are differences in the performance trends of leaf functional traits such as leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area among different plants on different slopes. The functional traits of plant leaves vary with different slopes. This article provides a reference for clarifying the response mechanism of plant leaf functional traits to the environment.

To promote sustainable agricultural development, the efficient water-saving irrigation technologies and their advantages were briefly introduced, the application of water-saving irrigation technologies was analyzed such as water conveyance, irrigation, and intelligent irrigation in agricultural water conservancy projects, and the targeted promotion strategies were proposed. Efficient water-saving irrigation technologies include drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro irrigation, as well as water and fertilizer integration, and other intelligent irrigation technologies, which can provide precise, timed, and quantitative irrigation based on the actual water demand and soil conditions of crops. In terms of application in agricultural water conservancy projects, water-saving irrigation technologies such as pipeline water supply and anti-seepage channel water supply can reduce water leakage and evaporation during the transportation process. Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other water-saving irrigation technologies can transport water to crops through local irrigation and other methods, which have advantages such as water conservation and yield increase; the intelligent irrigation system effectively improves the water-saving effect by real-time collection and processing of soil moisture and other information, and implementing intelligent management. The promotion strategy includes strengthening the unified planning of water-saving irrigation projects, increasing the acceptance and participation of growers; differentiated selection of suitable water-saving irrigation methods and provision of supporting operational training services; Apply water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system to provide personalized irrigation solutions. This article provides references for achieving efficient utilization of water resources and promoting the promotion of efficient water-saving irrigation technology in agricultural water conservancy projects.

The research on the biological activities of chemical components and applications of Angelica dahurica by consulting relevant literature were reviewed. The main chemical components of Angelica dahurica include coumarins, volatile oils, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and others. These bioactive compounds exhibit various effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, with multiple potential therapeutic targets. The mechanisms of action may be related to the regulation of vascular active substances, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in the body. Angelica dahurica can be combined with other traditional Chinese medicines for topical treatment of skin diseases, administered orally or externally to alleviate various types of pain and inflammation. It effectively dilates arterial blood vessels, promotes blood circulation, and regulates blood viscosity, thereby providing therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular diseases. This article provides a reference for the further study of the biological activity of Angelica dahurica.