旱优3015是上海市农业生物基因中心以节水抗旱稻优质三系不育系沪旱7A为母本,早熟矮秆强优势恢复系旱恢3015为父本配组而成的早熟高产籼型节水抗旱稻三系杂交组合,具有节水抗旱、早熟高产、株高矮、综合性状优和适应性广等优点,适合在长江中下游作一季稻种植。本文介绍了该组合的选育过程、组合特征特性及制种栽培技术要点,为节水抗旱水稻旱优3015的示范推广提供参考。

Changliangyou Fuxiangzhan is a new variety of high yield and high quality indica hybrid rice. In 2022 and 2023, it was introduced into Dongxi Village, Mapo Town, Luchuan County, Yulin City, Guangxi for demonstration planting. This paper emphatically summarized the Changliangyou Fuxiangzhan demonstration of whole growth period, resistance, yield and ground rice quality performance, and from the good plot, dip bud, timely sowing, school-age throwing, formula fertilization, scientific pipe water, prevention and control of disease and ripe harvest introduced its high yield cultivation technology, for Changliangyou Fuxiangzhan a large area of production and application to provide reference.

本文核算了2016—2021年G省农业活动温室气体排放情况,确定了农业活动温室气体排放清单的核算范围,收集了活动水平数据、排放因子数据及相关参数,核算了排放源、排放量,分析了排放结构和趋势等,为农业活动温室气体排放清单报告的编制提供参考。

本文对二化螟的发生规律及其危害情况进行总结分析,提出了水稻二化螟的防治方法,为水稻生产中二化螟防治提供参考。该虫害二化螟发生具有主代危害重,二三代间歇性重发;区域间发生程度差异较大;危害时间较长,世代交替明显的特点。不同年份间二化螟发生程度受虫口基数、气候、二化螟抗药性及防治方法等因素影响。二化螟防治可采取农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和药剂防治等措施。其中农业防治包括调整结构,合理布局;翻耕灭茬,灌水灭蛹等措施;物理防治包括诱虫灯、性诱剂等措施;生物防治包括天敌、趋性等措施;药剂防治需要注意选择合适的防治时间、防治药剂和防治方法。

Shenyou 28 is a hybrid japonica rice variety using the male sterile line Shen 21A and the restoring line Shenhui 26-28. This article introduced the characteristics of Shenyou 28 variety and summarized the whole mechanized and efficient seed production technology, including seed selection, control of sowing time, regulation of flowering period, mechanical leaf cutting, mechanical assisted pollination, harvesting and drying, to providing technical guidance for hybrid rice seed production. This variety had comprehensive advantages such as early maturity, high yield, excellent rice quality, and strong disease resistance. In order to fully tap into the yield potential of Shenyou 28, its high-yield cultivation techniques had been summarized from the aspects of timely sowing, fertilizer operation, slurry management, and suitable harvest, providing reference for the promotion and demonstration of new varieties.

为了解各水稻品种的特征特性,筛选出适宜长江中下游地区种植的高产优质水稻品种,本文以镇糯20、武育糯180等4个水稻示范品种,凯粳糯88、徽粳糯125和当禾糯908等12个水稻展示品种为研究对象,开展了水稻品种示范展示试验,比较分析了各参试品种的生育期、种植表现和产量水平。结果表明,各参试水稻品种在试验田当年气候条件下,抽穗时间8月26—28日,均在9月5日前安全齐穗,各品种种植表现良好,抗倒伏和抗病性较好;示范品种镇糯762和荃香糯3号产量较高,展示品种武香糯7368、凯粳糯88产量较高。综合各品种的生长特性和产量结果,品种镇糯762、荃香糯3号适宜在长江中下游地区推广种植。

Rape is one of the important oilseed crops. Rice intercropping rape, as an important agricultural technology in rice-rape rotation production, is of great significance for improving grain and oil yield and achieving sustainable agricultural development. The advantages and key cultivation techniques of the rice intercropping rape model were analyzed in this article, provided a reference for promoting the rotation cultivation technology of rice-rape rotation.

In order to screen of high yield and quality as well as adaptable fresh corn varieties suitable for planting in southern Anhui Province, 16 experimental fresh corn, test varieties, such as Chuangtian and Xiangtiannuo 828 and two control varieties, Yuetian and Fengnuo 2146, were compared and analyzed for indexes in terms of growth period, main agronomic characters,stress resistance and yield in the southern Anhui Province. The results showed that in terms of the entire growth period, the tested varieties had a total growth period of 77-87 days. In terms of variety resistance, Cuimi 90 had average lodging and disease resistance, while Quantian 58 and Kenuo had average disease resistance. In terms of yield, Longpingtian 1502 in the sweet corn group increased by 13.40% compared to the control group, while Ditiannuo , Fengnuo 211, Caitiannuo 1703, Tianfunuo and Dongtiannuo 100 in the glutinous corn group increased by 17.92%, 19.52%, 10.7%, 26.65%, and 17.81% compared to the control group, respectively. These six corn varieties had better comprehensive performance, good agronomic traits, good resistance, and high yield, and were suitable for promotion and planting in southern Anhui Province.

This article introduced the breeding process and characteristic characteristics of Xuanjingnuo No.7, and summarized the high-yield cultivation techniques as a wheat stubble rice from two cultivation models: machine transplanting and live broadcasting. Xuanjingnuo No.7 was an early maturing and late maturing glutinous rice variety developed through systematic breeding using Xuanjingnuo No.1 as the female parent and Jingnuo 86120-5 as the male parent. It had characteristics such as tolerance to late sowing, strong stress resistance, and wide adaptability, and was suitable for machine transplanting and direct seeding as wheat stubble rice cultivation. The principle of high-yield cultivation was to promote strong stems, large panicles, and increased grain weight on the basis of sufficient effective panicles, in conjunction with disease, insect, and weed control. Specific measures include timely and appropriate sowing, scientific fertilizer and water management, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, and timely harvesting. Machine transplanting also requires uniform planting and dense planting, and sufficient planting of basic seedlings. The purpose was to provide reference for the promotion and planting of this variety.

This article combined the planting performance of the hybrid medium indica rice variety Weiliangyou 8612 in the demonstration area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and summarized and analyzed the intensive cultivation techniques of this variety. The planting of Weiliangyou 8612 in the demonstration area showed a suitable growth period, with upright leaves, compact plant shape, thick and robust stems that were resistant to lodging. During the mature stage, the straw was green and the seeds were yellow, with large panicles and many grains, resulting in higher yields. The intensive cultivation techniques for this variety include precise and precise sowing, precise soil preparation, scientific management of fertilizer and water, timely and appropriate drug control for diseases, pests, and weeds, as well as timely harvesting. The research results provided a reference for the promotion and planting of Weiliangyou 8612 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and similar regions.

农产品品牌化是农业现代化的重要方向之一。农产品企业应将发展重点转移到品牌建设上来。对当前农产品品牌建设现状进行分析,结合应用实践提出了对策建议：一是打造农产品品牌形象,破除同质化;二是拓展营销方式,加大线上渠道的投入;三是建立“一品一码”追溯体系,推动实现优质优价;四是健全电商平台物流,推动农产品转型升级;五是合作共建产业联通,建立多方位合作关系。建议农产品企业深入市场,了解市场需求和竞争态势,了解消费者需求和消费心理等因素,不断优化和调整品牌建设方案,通过科学的品牌规划和有效的运营管理,进一步提升品牌效益。

The development of arable land reserve resources is one of the important guarantee for implementing the arable land protection system and balancing the occupation and compensation of actual arable land. This article uses the CiteSpace software system to analyze the current research status and context of the field of arable land reserve resources and clarifying future development trends. The result showsed that the research on arable land reserve resources focused on the protection and development of agricultural resources and land planning and utilization,with close academic cooperation in a small scope and less cross regional cooperation and exchange. Suitability evaluation, land development, and balance of occupation and compensation were the main research hotspots. The development process of research was divided into three stages: budding exploration, fluctuating development, and stable maturity. The research on potential evaluation and development protection runs through the development process, with cutting-edge development mainly focused on comprehensive land improvement, strengthening land transformation and utilization technology, and adhering to ecological sustainability and high-quality development. Future research should strengthen the exploration of marginal land potential, deepen development evaluation and theoretical system construction,strengthen the application of geographic information technology and ecological restoration technology research, and actively explore effective ways to achieve national spatial governance and food security through land consolidation.

为加强对研究区农业气象强对流天气发生发展情况的分析和研究,利用高空观测中的位势高度、风向风速和温度等常规观测资料,地面自动站逐小时降水、风向风速及露点温度等地面加密资料,以及雷达回波等实况资料,对2023年6月11日研究区强对流天气的大气环境特征与触发机制进行分析。结果表明：（1）在500 hPa副高偏弱,受东部沿海低槽的槽后西北风拟制的情况下,中低层无明显辐合系统和低空西南急流,而在有利的不稳定层结、能量条件和触发机制共同作用下,研究区仍有可能出现强对流天气。由于中低层无明显辐合系统和低空西南急流,水汽输送和辐合条件较差,导致强降水的范围不大、强度较弱。（2）受高空500 hPa东部沿海低槽的槽后西北气流影响,高空有弱冷平流,低层有弱暖平流,为强对流天气的发生提供了一定的环流条件。本次强对流天气主要是由强烈的热力不稳定和对流触发条件造成的,对流有效位能达2 593.1 J/kg、对流稳定度指数Δθ_se850-500为17.8 ℃、K指数37.5 ℃、沙氏指数SI为-3.16 ℃、抬升指数LI达-7.38 ℃、下沉对流有效位能DCAPE达1 145.5 J/kg,有利于雷雨大风天气的发生。而动力不稳定条件较差,垂直风切变较弱,因而大冰雹不容易生成。（3）本次强对流天气是由地面中尺度辐合线,低层850、925 hPa和地面干线,925 hPa和地面湿舌等共同触发而产生的,其中850、925 hPa和地面的露点温度梯度分别达5.5、3.9和6.6 ℃/100 km。目的在于为后续的强对流天气预警预报提供参考。

育秧是水稻机插秧技术体系中的关键环节。本文从壮秧指标、种子准备、育秧准备、适期播种和田间管理方面介绍了常规秧田硬化微喷灌水稻育秧技术,采用激光平整等方式使常规秧田硬化,育秧前铺设微喷灌设施,节省育秧成本,提高秧田利用率,为广大农户培育壮秧、增加种稻收益提供参考。

本研究基于现有α-淀粉酶抑制剂（α-amylase inhibitor,α-AI）活性检测方法的试验原理,通过验证3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和碘-淀粉显色法2种方法的精度,分析了不同检测方法在检测原理和检测结果准确性2个方面的差异。结果表明,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法是通过测量α-AI对3,5-二硝基水杨酸显色产物的吸光度变化来确定其活性,而碘-淀粉显色法则是利用碘离子与淀粉形成淀粉-碘络合物,通过观察溶液颜色的变化来测定α-AI的活性。从原理上来看,2种方法在测定α-AI活性时采取了不同的测定方式。从检测结果准确性方面来看,2种方法的准确性可能存在差异。3,5-二硝基水杨酸法能够准确测量α-AI对3,5-二硝基水杨酸的抑制能力,从而反映出其活性水平。而碘-淀粉显色法则是通过观察淀粉-碘络合物的颜色变化来判断α-AI的活性,这种方法可能受到其他因素的干扰,从而影响测定结果的准确性。本研究为准确并快速测定白芸豆α-AI产品提供方法,并为精确控制产品质量和生产流程提供参考。

本文研究2019—2023年国审小麦品种的全生育期、株高、品质以及单产的变化趋势,分析了其在各麦区的分布情况以及与单产的关系。结果表明,（1）各麦区小麦的全生育期在2023年较前几年均有所缩短,5年间各麦区的全生育期分布趋势几乎一致,全生育期由短到长排序为东北、西北春麦区、长江上游麦区、长江中下游麦区、黄淮南片麦区、黄淮北片麦区、黄淮冬麦旱播组和北部冬麦区。（2）各麦区小麦株高年份间变化幅度较小,各麦区间差异较为明显。麦区间株高由高到低排序为东北、西北春麦区、长江上游麦区、长江中下游麦区、北部冬麦区、黄淮南片麦区和黄淮北片麦区、黄淮冬麦旱播组,在相同麦区,株高越高,单产越低。（3）国审小麦优质品种的数量逐年增加,数量分别为6、17、27、39和48个,中强筋小麦品种逐年增加,强筋和弱筋小麦品种有减少趋势,5年间审定弱筋小麦12个,中强筋麦89个,强筋麦37个。

本文以森林康养基地建设为研究对象,阐述了森林康养的内涵、要素、特征及意义,介绍了森林康养发展现状及森林康养基地建设的基本情况。通过实地调查及监测数据分析,总结了森林康养基地的建设成效,分析了森林康养基地目前面临的挑战,并提出了突出产品特色、形成产品体系、发挥市场主体作用以及注重生态保护等方面建议,为森林康养产业的高质量发展提供参考。

Huixiangjing 977 is a japonica rice variety selected from Zhendao 14 as the female parent and Wuxiangjing 14 as the male parent. It was approved for variety review in 2022. This article analyzed the breeding process,agronomic characteristics, production performance,and main cultivation techniques of Huixiangjing 977. Huixiangjing 977 has the advantages of high-quality taste, high yield,large panicle,excellent comprehensive traits, and wide adaptability, making it suitable for planting in single season and double season late japonica rice regions in Anhui Province. The principles of high-yield cultivation techniques are to stabilize the foundation, compete for sufficient panicles, attack large panicles, improve grain weight and seed setting rate, in order to obtain higher quality and yield. The results provide a reference for the promotion and application of this variety.

Limonoids are a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoid secondary metabolites that are mainly found in the Rutaceae and Meliaceae plant families, including substances such as limonin, nomilin, and obacunone. In this study, we mainly review the main physical and chemical properties of limonins and their physiological activities on the body, systematically summarize their various biological activities and mechanisms of action, hoping to lay an important foundation for further application of limonins in health care, food development, agricultural production and other aspects.

芍药具有较高的观赏和经济价值,多用于园林绿化、庭院栽植药用等实践中。盆栽芍药生产中易出现植株生长不良、花蕾败育率高和花朵品质不佳等现象。本研究以芍药为材料,探究了叶面喷施0.1%磷酸二氢钾溶液对盆栽芍药生长状况和开花品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾能够促进盆栽芍药叶片伸长8.09%,花蕾露色提前,单朵花期可以延长16.67%,花朵鲜重增加22.22%。同时,叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾可以使芍药花朵变大,花色更加红艳,其中花朵直径和高度分别增加了9.55%和16.36%,花朵红/绿值和彩度分别增加17.91%和18.03%,花色苷含量显著提高25.49%。因此,叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾溶液能够显著提高盆栽芍药的开花品质,为芍药盆栽生产提供了一定借鉴。

加强对农产品市场营销的重视和完善,对于提升本地区的农业发展水平具有重要作用。本文通过分析乡村振兴背景下加强农产品市场营销的意义和影响因素,从产品、价格、渠道和推广4个方面探索农产品的市场营销策略,为农产品营销活动开展提供参考。

In order to screen for high-quality and high-yield wheat stubble rice varieties suitable for promotion and cultivation in the southwestern region of Anhui, this study selected 12 varieties, including Longliangyou 8612 and Longliangyou 5438, and one control variety (Fengliangyou No.4) for variety comparison experiments. Comparative analysis was conducted from the aspects of growth period, agronomic traits, resistance, yield and yield composition factors. Four varieties with moderate growth period, good lodging resistance, and high yield and coordinated yield components were selected under the climatic conditions of that year, namely Quanyou 1606 (yield: 9 758.3 kg/hm²), Quanyou 822 (yield: 9 586.2 kg/hm²), Huiliangyou 898 (yield: 9 568.9 kg/hm²), and Yinliangyou 606 (yield: 9 368.9 kg/hm²), which could be promoted and planted as wheat stubble rice varieties in the region of research.

直播水稻生产要做好科学的田间管理。本文总结了直播水稻生产栽培技术,包括品种选择、整地、防除杂草、精准施肥以及病虫害防治等。目的是掌握直播水稻生育期特性和种植关键技术,以提高生产管理水平,为实现直播水稻高产稳产提供参考。

In order to scientifically guide corn planting and cultivation management, to achieve high-quality development of the corn industry, this article was based on the production practice in K region, analyzes that corn may need to be furyther improved in terms of farmland quality, high-quality varieties, agricultural resource utilization rate, and pest control in corn production, and proposed methods such as introducing high-quality varieties, reasonable crop layout, cooperating with reasonable dense planting, scientific fertilizer and water management, and comprehensive pest control measures to achieve a double or multiple cropping system for crop production in the region.

为了研究滴灌对甘薯产量和品质的影响,本研究分析了常规肥水管理（对照）和水肥一体化（滴灌）对砂质土栽培甘薯的生长、产量及品质方面的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,滴灌能促进甘薯前期地上部快速生长,结薯期薯块生长速度,薯块鲜重和干重均明显高于对照;滴灌种植的甘薯产量比对照增加44.91%;薯块淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量高于对照,粗纤维低于对照。研究结果为砂地实施滴灌栽培甘薯提供了参考。

Biochar is a kind of solid carbon material produced by high temperature pyrolysis, mainly composed of carbon elements. It possesses characteristics of being sturdy, stable, and having high porosity. Currently, biochar can be applied to the treatment of heavy metals and organic pollutants in water bodies, as well as in soil for purposes including pH regulation, soil improvement, carbon sequestration, pollution control, and enhancement of agricultural production. The factors affecting the adsorption performance of biochar and the application of biochar in soil were reviewed, and the more reasonable application of biochar in soil was prospected. The main factors affecting the adsorption properties of biochar include raw material type, pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, pH, dosage and modification methods. The application of biochar in soil mainly includes improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil, provide nutrients and promote plant growth, etc.

In practice, the low level of fertilization and management in Ipomoea batatas cultivation directly affects the yield and quality of Ipomoea batatas. The aspects of Ipomoea batatas germination and seedling cultivation, fertilization and soil preparation, seed selection and cultivation, field management and harvest, providing reference for green were summarized and analyzed in this article, high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Ipomoea batatas.

Q Liangyou 851 is a two-line hybrid indica rice combination developed using the self bred sterile line Quan151S and the self bred high-quality restoring line YR851. It was approved in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in 2019 and 2020, respectively. This article analyzed the characteristics of the parents of this combination, as well as the breeding process of the sterile line. Through the practice of cultivation and seed production in recent years, the high-yield and safe seed production technology of this combination had been summarized.

香樟在南方分布广泛,其提取物具有抑菌防腐的作用。本文总结了香樟提取物抑菌防腐的研究现状,分析了香樟提取物对木材腐朽菌的蛋白质表达差异和信号通路等,以全面认识香樟提取物的抑菌防腐机制,满足木材防腐保护的现实需要,加快相关植物源防腐剂产品的研发、应用及推广。

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the key functional ingredient in Ampelopsis grossedentata, with multiple physiological effects. In order to determine the content of DMY in Ampelopsis grossedentata from different producing regions, Ampelopsis grossedentata was extracted from four producing regions in a, b, c and d provinces were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) after DMY extaction. The results showed that the dry weight content of DMY from Ampelopsis grossedentata produced in the four producing regions ranged from 21.2 to 36.2 g/100g. Among the same grade of Ampelopsis grossedentata, from which produced in a region exhibited the highest content (30.9~36.2 g/100g), while among different grades of Ampelopsis grossedentata, the DMY content in premium Ampelopsis grossedentata produced from the same producing region was higher than that of first and second grade Ampelopsis grossedentata. Moreover, there was no significant difference in DMY content between various Ampelopsis grossedentata produced from same producing region and grade at different picking times. Therefore, the producing regions and grade of quality have a obvious impact on the DMY content, whereas the effect of picking time was less affected. In the actual planting and production should choose the corresponding origin or variety according to the demand, to provide a reference for improving the economic value of Ampelopsis grossedentata.

Tea tree flowers is an additional product of tea production, containing rich nutrients and having various health functions. To improve the efficiency of tea tree flower resource utilization, the main components and their effects of tea tree flowers were summarized, including water-soluble sugars, tea saponins, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, and superoxide dismutase, based on literature review. The differences in components among different tea tree flowers and their potential research applications were also discussed, including water extracts, tea polysaccharides, theanine, and tea polyphenols. The article also looked forward to the selective deep production and processed of different tea tree flowers in the food, daily use, and medical fields.

In order to clarify the relationship between different precipitation patterns and nitrogen uptake and transport in wheat plants, and to explore efficient production technology paths for different crop types, this experiment investigated the effects of different precipitation patterns and crop types on nitrogen uptake and utilization, transport characteristics, and nitrogen efficiency in wheat plants at the experimental demonstration base of the Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Henan Province for two consecutive years. The results showed that the high water year was more conducive to the absorption of nitrogen by wheat plants after soybean cropping compared to the low water year, improving the accumulation of nitrogen in wheat plants and promoting the transport of nitrogen accumulated after flowering to the grains. Both soybean and peanut stubble could increase the nitrogen content of wheat plants compared to corn stubble, which was beneficial for nitrogen accumulation in wheat plants, promoting the transfer of nitrogen from leaves, stems and sheaths to grains, improving the pre flowering nitrogen transport and nitrogen transfer rate of wheat plants, and ultimately increasing the nitrogen efficiency and yield of wheat grains. The nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency of wheat plants with different crop types could be significantly improved in the year of abundant water compared to the year of insufficient water. Under different precipitation year types, both soybean and peanut stubbles can promote nitrogen absorption in wheat plants, which is beneficial for nitrogen accumulation and transportation to the grains after flowering, thereby increasing grain yield and ultimately improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat plants. In low water years, soybean stubble has a better effect, while peanut stubble has a better effect in high water years.

In order to accurately improve forest quality, Shunhai State-owned Forest Farm had implemented a forest quality precision improvement project based on geographical location conditions and current forest quality status. Based on project practice, this article summarized and analyzed the basic workflow, and benefit of the forest quality precision improvement project. This project included two aspects: timber harvesting and afforestation. The timber harvesting work included pre harvesting publicity and confirmation of harvesting boundaries, timber marking and logging, timber returning and post harvesting cleaning, etc. Forest construction work included tree species selection and configuration, seedling quality control, planting process measures, and construction organization. The implementation of the project could generate certain ecological, economic, and social benefits, which had a positive effect on improving the ecological environment of the project area, improving the quality of trees, and promoting local economic development.

为进一步示范推广新品种,本文从不同种植年份不同月份平均绿叶数、不同种植年份不同月份平均根颈粗、不同种植年份4月平均株高、不同种植年份4月平均一次分枝数、不同种植年份平均有效角果数及平均产量、不同种植年份病害冻害发生率等角度,对油菜品种德核杂油8号在研究区连续移栽种植5年（2018—2023年）的种植情况进行分析。结果表明,甘蓝型杂交油菜品种德核杂油8号在研究区移栽种植的5年间性状表现稳定,抗病抗冻能力表现优异,产量适宜,可以引进育苗移栽种植并大面积推广。

将枣粉添加到基础日粮中可以提高产蛋鸡的生产性能、鸡蛋品质和经济效益。为进一步增加养殖户收益,提高鸡蛋的营养价值,本研究在蛋鸡基础日粮中添加枣粉,通过试验确定最佳枣粉添加比例。研究结果表明,试验4组（枣粉添加比例8%）下蛋鸡产蛋性能更好、鸡蛋品质更好且蛋鸡产业经济效益更高,可最大程度地增加鸡蛋的营养和价值,该枣粉添加比例值得推广。

Based on the OBE education concept, the problems of incomplete teaching system, lack of innovation in teaching process, and single assessment methods in traditional botany field internships were analyzed, and reform measures and suggestions were proposed from the aspects of strengthening course ideological and political construction, integrating field internship content, innovating teaching process and reforming assessment methods, aiming to highlight the intuitiveness of practical teaching applied, comprehensive, and innovative. The objective was to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for further improving the teaching quality of botany field internships and promoting the cultivation of applied talents.

In order to solve the problem that the base of the main branch is easy to break in case of rainfall and windy weather, and the peach cultivation is not suitable for mechanized production, this paper proposed an X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees suitable for mechanized operation. The main points of cultivation techniques for the new “X” shaped tree type included planting and shaping operation. Planting: selected first-class peach seedlings, each two peach seedlings were planted together, the intersection of the two peach seedlings was 40 cm away from the ground, and the angle between the two peach seedlings in the horizontal direction was 50°~60°; The extension heads of the two peach seedlings stretched out between the rows on both sides respectively, and the direction was perpendicular to the row direction of the ridge. Two peach seedlings were planted together and regarded as one in production; shaping: after the “X” shape was planted, the buds of the two peach seedlings were cut off at the full and full place, and the upper end of the main trunk of the two peach seedlings was the two main branches in production, which was equivalent to the two main branches of the “Y” shaped tree type, which were formed once after planting. The “X” shaped new tree type was the top of the trunk of two peach seedlings directly emitting a new shoot uniaxial extension as the main branch, each of which continues to grow upward, does not affect each other, balanced growth, easy to operate by fruit farmers, saves labor, and directly regulates the angle of the main trunk of the two seedlings when planting, which was simple and accurate, after planting, the tree type can be formed half a year in advance, which increases the compression resistance to a certain extent, and the main branch was not easy to break.

为探究不同浓度及种类的植物生长调节剂对月季扦插生根的影响,分别采用4种植物生长调节剂设置5个不同浓度处理,以不使用植物生长调节剂作为对照组,试验期间记录月季插条的生根情况,从生根的数量、长度和粗细方面探讨月季扦插生根的适宜植物生长调节剂及浓度。结果表明,4种植物生长调节剂对月季扦插生根都有促进作用,其中200 mg/L IBA处理的月季平均生根数最多,100 mg/L的NAA处理的月季平均根长最长。在这2种浓度的溶液处理下,插条生根数量、根长及根径均明显提高。考虑到生产成本,月季扦插生根推荐选择100 mg/L NAA。

In order to screen new potato varieties suitable for large-scale promotion and cultivation in the Kebai area, this study conducted yield and quality screening and identification experiments on six potato varieties self cultivated by Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that three varieties had good comprehensive traits. High starch material ke202032-37 had round tubers, pale yellow skin and white meat, starch content of 18.5 g/100 g, yield of 31 187.50 kg/hm², increased by 3.96% compared to the control. The mid to late maturing variety ke202045-14 had elliptical tubers, white flesh, and a starch content of 15.9 g/100 g, yield of 41 375.00 kg/hm², increased by 37.92% compared to the control. The medium ripe variety ke202042-2 had round tubers, white flesh, and a starch content of 15.7 g/100 g, yield of 42 820.51 kg/hm², increased by 42.74% compared to the control. The three materials could be used as high‐quality varieties for further identification and screening, providing reference for high‐yield and high‐yield producation for potatoes in the region.

探讨自然高温天气对水稻的影响,可以为耐高温品种选择、高温热害评估和减轻高温热害措施提供相应参考。本试验统计分析2022年8月1—23日的气温,以此时段抽穗的108份籼型水稻材料为研究对象,总结分析了水稻样本材料在孕穗期、抽穗开花期和灌浆初期的平均气温和受高温热害天数,计算其结实率。结果表明,8月1—23日平均温度31.53 ℃,杂交籼稻材料和常规籼稻材料平均结实率分别为80.48%和76.73%,杂交籼稻的抗高温能力总体优于常规籼稻,高温热害程度与高温强度、高温时间密切相关,整体呈现温度越高,结实率越低的趋势,开花盛期高温对籼稻结实率影响最大。提出了防御高温热害损失的技术要点,包括选择耐高温品种、合理安排播期、提高栽培技术以及采取有效措施减轻高温热害损失等。